Exam 1 chapter 3

Question 1

define operational definiton

Answer 1

definitoin that tells reader exactly what was done to produce a phenomenon or to measure some variable

Question 2

what does it mean to be reliable?

Answer 2

consistent

Question 3

a reliable measure is what?

Answer 3

consistent measures, multiple researchers

Question 4

what does it mean to be valid

Answer 4

extenet to which a measurement technique measures what it purports to measure.

Question 5

what is internal validity?

Answer 5

degree to which independent vairable is responsible for our results.

Question 6

define experimenter effect

Answer 6

researcher has an influence on study’s results.

Question 7

define demand characteristics

Answer 7

cues that people use to determine what is expected of them in a study.

Question 8

define external validity

Answer 8

generalizability of the results of a study beyond the participants, measures, and location of study.

Question 9

define extraneous variables

Answer 9

factors other than independent variable that affect study outcome.

Question 10

external and intnertal relationship?

Answer 10

inverse relationship.

Question 11

define population

Answer 11

all people that researcher wishes to generalize results on

Question 12

define sample

Answer 12

subset of a population

Question 13

what is the best way to choose a sample?

Answer 13

random sampling

Question 14

what is random selection?

Answer 14

all members of population are equally likely to be chosen.

Question 15

define convenience sample

Answer 15

particpants are in right place at the right time

Question 16

define hypotheisis

Answer 16

educated guess derived from a theory

Question 17

a hypothesis is more ______ than a prediction

Answer 17

general

Question 18

define null hypothesis

Answer 18

there is nothing different between groups being compared

Question 19

define alternative hypothesis

Answer 19

difference between results of two compared groups

Question 20

define two-tailed alternative hypothesis

Answer 20

two groups will differ, but the direction of the difference is not predicted

Question 21

define one-tailed altnerative hypothesis

Answer 21

predicting direction of the difference

Question 22

the ______ hypothesis is tested

Answer 22

null

Question 23

what do we do with the null and alternative hypothesis when there is a significant difference between two groups?

Answer 23

we reject null hypothesis, we accept alternative hypothesis

Question 24

define type i error

Answer 24

rejecting null hypothesis when it is true

Question 26

define type ii error

Answer 26

fail to reject null hypothesis when it is false

Question 26

define alpha

Answer 26

the probability of making a type I error

Question 26

define beta

Answer 26

probablility of making a type ii error