Exam 1 chapter 3 Flashcards
define operational definiton
definitoin that tells reader exactly what was done to produce a phenomenon or to measure some variable
what does it mean to be reliable?
consistent
a reliable measure is what?
consistent measures, multiple researchers
what does it mean to be valid
extenet to which a measurement technique measures what it purports to measure.
what is internal validity?
degree to which independent vairable is responsible for our results.
define experimenter effect
researcher has an influence on study’s results.
define demand characteristics
cues that people use to determine what is expected of them in a study.
define external validity
generalizability of the results of a study beyond the participants, measures, and location of study.
define extraneous variables
factors other than independent variable that affect study outcome.
external and intnertal relationship?
inverse relationship.
define population
all people that researcher wishes to generalize results on
define sample
subset of a population
what is the best way to choose a sample?
random sampling
what is random selection?
all members of population are equally likely to be chosen.
define convenience sample
particpants are in right place at the right time
define hypotheisis
educated guess derived from a theory
a hypothesis is more ______ than a prediction
general
define null hypothesis
there is nothing different between groups being compared
define alternative hypothesis
difference between results of two compared groups
define two-tailed alternative hypothesis
two groups will differ, but the direction of the difference is not predicted
define one-tailed altnerative hypothesis
predicting direction of the difference
the ______ hypothesis is tested
null
what do we do with the null and alternative hypothesis when there is a significant difference between two groups?
we reject null hypothesis, we accept alternative hypothesis
define type i error
rejecting null hypothesis when it is true
