Exam 1 Flashcards
define superstition
subjective belief going against laws of nature/reason
define rational-inductive argument
taking evidence and thinking through it to come up with a conclusion.
rational-inductive argument is _______ the scientific method
below
hypotheses
testable predictions
confounds
flaws, altnerative explanations
indepedents variable is the _________ being tested
difference
experimental group
experince a level of indepedent vairable that is expected to change them
control group
not experiencing
dependent variable
the outcome being measured
replication
doing same epxeriemnt to see same results.
define theory
set of related statements that explain and predict phenomena
true or false: theories are not laws
true
define laws
specific statements expressed in a mathamtical euqation involving few variables.
principles
statements that predict a phenomenon with a certain level of probabilility
psychology is full of _____
princples
theories lead to _________
hypotheses
if a hypothesis is supported the ______ is supported
theory
the preference for the explanation based upon simpler assumptions is called what?
parsimony
theories are supported but never ______
proven
precision
theory is explained in great detail
testability
theory can be tested
accuracy
parsimonious, precisly stated, testable hypotheses
describe the four characteristics of the nuremberg code
voluntary consent, for the good of society, could not be obtained by other menas, avoids harm and suffering
the declaration of helsinki did what?
recommendations for biomedical human research
The national research act led to the creation of what?
national commission for the protectiion of human subjects of biomedical/behavioral research
The belmont report has what three basic ethical principles?
respect, beneficence, justice
describe respect
particapants need to be treated as people
describe beneficence
humans should not be harmed, research shuold maximize benefits and minimize harm
desccribe justice
selection of particpants should be done fairly.
most colleges follow what set of guidelines?
the code of federal regulatoins, title 45—public welfare, part 46—protection of human subjects
who reviews proposals for research with human participatns?
insitutional review boards
irbs stand for
institutional review boards
sometimes independent variables cannot be manipulated, they become known as _______ variables
subject
define deception
lying to or misleading participants
define confederate
research assistant pretending to be a participant
define free consent
no pressure to sign up
list the APA principles for animal research
animals are treated humanely, treatments involving pain should be used when absolutely necessary, surgical procedures involving anesthetics should be performed to minimize pain, animals must be treated in accordance with laws.
what department is responsible for regulating animal labs?
US Department of Agriculture
what is simliar to IRBS involving animals?
committees that review proposals for animal research
what is scientific misconduct
plagiarism, fabricatoin of data, falsfication in proposing, reviewing research
define operational definition.
