Exam 1

Question 1

define superstition

Answer 1

subjective belief going against laws of nature/reason

Question 2

define rational-inductive argument

Answer 2

taking evidence and thinking through it to come up with a conclusion.

Question 3

rational-inductive argument is _______ the scientific method

Answer 3

below

Question 4

hypotheses

Answer 4

testable predictions

Question 5

confounds

Answer 5

flaws, altnerative explanations

Question 6

indepedents variable is the _________ being tested

Answer 6

difference

Question 7

experimental group

Answer 7

experince a level of indepedent vairable that is expected to change them

Question 8

control group

Answer 8

not experiencing

Question 9

dependent variable

Answer 9

the outcome being measured

Question 10

replication

Answer 10

doing same epxeriemnt to see same results.

Question 11

define theory

Answer 11

set of related statements that explain and predict phenomena

Question 12

true or false: theories are not laws

Answer 12

true

Question 13

define laws

Answer 13

specific statements expressed in a mathamtical euqation involving few variables.

Question 14

principles

Answer 14

statements that predict a phenomenon with a certain level of probabilility

Question 15

psychology is full of _____

Answer 15

princples

Question 16

theories lead to _________

Answer 16

hypotheses

Question 17

if a hypothesis is supported the ______ is supported

Answer 17

theory

Question 18

the preference for the explanation based upon simpler assumptions is called what?

Answer 18

parsimony

Question 19

theories are supported but never ______

Answer 19

proven

Question 20

precision

Answer 20

theory is explained in great detail

Question 21

testability

Answer 21

theory can be tested

Question 22

accuracy

Answer 22

parsimonious, precisly stated, testable hypotheses

Question 23

describe the four characteristics of the nuremberg code

Answer 23

voluntary consent, for the good of society, could not be obtained by other menas, avoids harm and suffering

Question 24

the declaration of helsinki did what?

Answer 24

recommendations for biomedical human research

Question 25

The national research act led to the creation of what?

Answer 25

national commission for the protectiion of human subjects of biomedical/behavioral research

Question 26

The belmont report has what three basic ethical principles?

Answer 26

respect, beneficence, justice

Question 27

describe respect

Answer 27

particapants need to be treated as people

Question 28

describe beneficence

Answer 28

humans should not be harmed, research shuold maximize benefits and minimize harm

Question 29

desccribe justice

Answer 29

selection of particpants should be done fairly.

Question 30

most colleges follow what set of guidelines?

Answer 30

the code of federal regulatoins, title 45—public welfare, part 46—protection of human subjects

Question 31

who reviews proposals for research with human participatns?

Answer 31

insitutional review boards

Question 32

irbs stand for

Answer 32

institutional review boards

Question 33

sometimes independent variables cannot be manipulated, they become known as _______ variables

Answer 33

subject

Question 34

define deception

Answer 34

lying to or misleading participants

Question 35

define confederate

Answer 35

research assistant pretending to be a participant

Question 36

define free consent

Answer 36

no pressure to sign up

Question 37

list the APA principles for animal research

Answer 37

animals are treated humanely, treatments involving pain should be used when absolutely necessary, surgical procedures involving anesthetics should be performed to minimize pain, animals must be treated in accordance with laws.

Question 38

what department is responsible for regulating animal labs?

Answer 38

US Department of Agriculture

Question 39

what is simliar to IRBS involving animals?

Answer 39

committees that review proposals for animal research

Question 40

what is scientific misconduct

Answer 40

plagiarism, fabricatoin of data, falsfication in proposing, reviewing research

Question 41

define operational definition.