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Anatomy & Physiology I > Exam 2- Chapter 5 > Flashcards

Exam 2- Chapter 5 Flashcards

1
Q

composed of epithelial cells, the outermost protective shield of the body, keratinized

A

Epidermis

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2
Q

Making up the bulk of the skin, tough leathery layer composed mostly of fibrous connective tissue

A

Dermis

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3
Q

Only the _____ is vascularized. Nutrients reach the ____ by diffusing through the tissue fluid from blood vessels in the dermis

A

dermis

epidermis

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4
Q

The subcutaneous tissue just deep to the skin is known as the

A

hypodermis

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5
Q

storing fat and anchors skin to underlying structures

A

hypodermis

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6
Q

the keratinoytes arise in the deepest part of the epidermis from a cell layer called the _____

A

stratum basal

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7
Q

are found in the deepest layer of the epidermis

A

Melanocytes

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8
Q

Arise from bone marrow and migrate to the epidermis

A

Dendritic cells

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9
Q

are key activators of our immune system and ingest foreign substances

A

Dendritic cells

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10
Q

a sensoy receptor for touch

A

Tactile cells

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11
Q

deepest epidermal layer; one row of actively mitotic stem cells; some newly formed cells become a part of the more superficial layers

A

Stratum basale

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12
Q

Several layers of keratinocytes unfied by desmosome. Cells contain thick bundles of intermediate filaments made of pre-keratine

A

Stratum spinosum

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13
Q

Typically 5 layers of flattened cells, organelles deteriorating; cytoplasm full of lamellar granules and keratohyaline granules

A

stratum granulosum

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14
Q

most superficial later 20-30 layers of dead cells, essentally flat membranous sacs filled with keratin

A

Stratum corneum

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15
Q

visable only in thick skin, thin translucent band

A

Stratum lucidum

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16
Q

Its cells are typical of those found in any connective tissue proper: Fibrolasts, mcrophages, and occasional mast cells

A

dermis

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17
Q

areolar connective tissue in whichfin interlacing collahen and elastic fibers from loosely woven mat that is heavily invested with small blood vessels

A

Papillary layer

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18
Q

peglike projections from the surface indent the overlying epidermis, house free nerve endings and touch receptors

A

dermal papillae

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19
Q

assumed i=to enhance grippig ability of the fingers and fet

A

friction ridges

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20
Q

is found only in the deeper layers of the epidermis

A

melanin

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21
Q

freckles and moles are local accumulations of

A

melanin

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22
Q

a yellow to orange pigments found in certain plant products

A

Carotene

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23
Q

the pinkish hue of fair skin

A

hemoglobin

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24
Q

the portion of the hair at which keratinization is complete

A

shaft

25
Q

keratinization is still ongowing

A

root

26
Q

central core of the hair consisting of large cells and air space

A

medulla

27
Q

a bulky layer surrounding the medulla, consists of several layers of flattened cells

A

cortex

28
Q

formed from a single layer of cells overlapping one another, keeps the hair from matting, provides strength

A

cuticle

29
Q

red hair is colored by the iron containing pigment

A

trichosiderin

30
Q

a nipple-like bit of dermal tissue protrudes into the hair bulb,containts a knot of capillaries that supplies nutrients to the growing hair and signals it to grow

A

hair papilla

31
Q

its contraction pulls the hair follucle upright and dimples the skin surface to produce goosebumps in response to cold temperatures or fear

A

arrector pili

also acts as a skin lubricant and is used to scare of other animals by raising the hair

32
Q

the body hair of children and alsot females is pale and fie

A

vellus

33
Q

course long hair of eyebrows and scalp

A

terminal hair

34
Q

excessive hairiness on a woman

A

hirsutism

35
Q

responsible for nail growth

A

nail matrix

36
Q

the region that like over the thick nail matrix appears as a white cresent

A

lunule

37
Q

the proximal and lateral borders of the nail are overlapped by skin folds

A

nail folds

38
Q

the proximal nail fold projects onto the nail body as the

A

cuticle

39
Q

the free edge of the nail whre dirt and debris tent to accumulate and secures the free edge

A

hyponychium

40
Q

are distributed over the entire skin surface except the nipples and parts of the external genitalia

A

sweat glands

41
Q

far more numerous and are particularly abundant on the palms, soles of feet and forehead. Extends open at a pore

A

eccrine glands

42
Q

regulated by the nervous system

A

eccrine glands

43
Q

ducts empty into hair follicles

A

apocrine glands

44
Q

releases a fatty substance and proteins so it sometimes has a milky yellowish color

A

apocrine

45
Q

modified apocrine glands found in the lining of the external ear canal. Forms ear wax

A

ceruminous glands

46
Q

sweat glands that secrete milk

A

mammary glands

47
Q

simple branched alveolar glands that are found all over the body exept in the thick skin of the palms and soles

A

sebaceous glands, oil glands

48
Q

the oily substance secreted by sebaceous glands

A

sebum

49
Q

Biological barriers of the skin include

A

dendritic cells
microphages
DNA

50
Q

cutaneous sensations

A

Temperature
touch
pain

51
Q

respond to stimuli outside of the body

A

cutaneous sensory receptors

52
Q

the least malignant and most common

A

basal cell carcinoma

53
Q

the second most common skin cancer, arises from the keratinocytes of the stratum spinosum

A

squamous cell carcinoma

54
Q

the lesion appears as a scaly reddened papule, arise most often on the head

A

squamous cell carcinoma

55
Q

the most dangerous skin cancer because it is highly metastatic and resistant to chemotherapy

A

Melanoma

56
Q

ABCD rule for melanoma

A

Asymmetry
Border irregularity
Color
Diamerter

57
Q

in this burn only the epidermis is damaged

A

first degree

58
Q

injure the epidermis and the upper region of the dermis, blisters also appear

A

Second degree burn

59
Q

full thickness burn involving all regions of the skin

A

third degree burn

Anatomy & Physiology I (6 decks)

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