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Anatomy & Physiology I > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Definition of Anatomy

A

The study of the structure

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2
Q

Subdivisions of Anatomy

A
  1. Macroscopic
  2. Microscopic
  3. Develpomental
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3
Q

Definition of Physiology

A

The study of the function

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4
Q

Essential tools for the study of physiology

A
  1. Ability to focus at many levels.
  2. Basic physical principles
  3. Basic chemical principles
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5
Q

Function always reflects ________

A

structure

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6
Q

Structural Hierarchy

A
  1. Chemical (atoms->molecule)
  2. Cellular
  3. Tissue
  4. Organ
  5. Organ system
  6. Organismal
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7
Q

Necessary Life Functions

A
  1. Maintaining boundaries
  2. Movement
  3. Responsiveness
  4. Digestion
  5. Metabolism
  6. Excretion
  7. Reproduction
  8. Growth
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8
Q

Survival Needs

A
  1. Nutrients
  2. Oxygen
  3. Water
  4. Normal body temperature
  5. Appropriate atmospheric pressure
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9
Q

Maintenance of a relatively stable environment despite continuous outside changes

A dynamic state of equilibrium

A

Homeostasis

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10
Q

Homeostasis control mechanisms

A
  • Monitoring and regulation

- Nervous and endocrine systems accomplish the communication via nerve impulses and hormaones

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11
Q

Monitors the environment and responds to stimuli

A

Receptor

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12
Q

Determines the set point at which a variable is maintained

Receives input from the receptor

Determines the appropriate response

A

Control Center

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13
Q

Receives output from control center

Provides the means to respond

Response acts to reduce or enhance the stimulus (feedback)

A

Effector

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14
Q

Head, neck, and trunk

A

Axial

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15
Q

Limbs

A

Appendicular

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16
Q

Flat surface along which body or structure is cut for anatomical study

A

Plane

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17
Q

A cut along a flat surface called a plane

A

Section

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18
Q

divides the body vertically into right and left parts

A

Sagittal

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19
Q

Plane that lies on the midline

A

Midsagittal

20
Q

Plane not on the midline

A

Parasagital

21
Q

Divided the body vertically into anterior and posterior parts

22
Q

Divides the body horizontally into superior and inferior parts, produces a cross section

A

Transverse

23
Q

Cuts made diagonally

24
Q

This cavity protects the nervous system

A

Dorsal cavity

25
Q

The dorsal cavity has two subdivisions, what are they and what do they encase?

A
  1. Cranial cavity- encases the brain

2. Vertebral cavity- encases spinal cord

26
Q

This cavity houses internal organs (viscera)

A

Ventral cavity

27
Q

The ventral cavity has two subdivisions separated by what?

28
Q

What are the three parts of the thoracic cavity and what do they do?

A
  1. Two pleural cavities- house each lung
  2. Mediastinum- contains pericardial cavity-surrounds thoracic organs
  3. Pericadial- encloses the heart
29
Q

What is the abdominopelvic cavity composed of and what do they contain?

A
  1. Abdominal cavity- contains stomach, intestines, spleen, and liver
  2. Pelvic cavity- contains urinary bladder, reproductive organs and rectum
30
Q

A thin double-layered membrane separated by a space containing serous fluid (watery)

A

Serous membrane

31
Q

Lines the internal body walls

A

Parietal serosa

32
Q

Covers internal organs

A

Visceral serosa

33
Q

Both parietal and visceral serosa secretes fluid and they allow organs to do what?

A

slide across each other or other cavity walls without friction

34
Q

Lines the pericardial cavity

A

Parietal pericardium

35
Q

covers the heart within the pericardial cavity

A

Visceral pericardium

36
Q

Lines the walls of the abdominopelvic cavity

A

Parietal pericardium

37
Q

covers the most organs in the abdominopelvic cavity

A

Visceral peritoneum

38
Q

The structures along the center line of the body

39
Q

the structure that is toward or at the body surface

A

superficial

40
Q

contained within the skull and vertebral column

A

Cranial cavity

41
Q

houses female reproductive organs

A

pelvic cavity

42
Q

the most protective body cavity

A

Cranial cavity

43
Q

its name means “belly”

A

abdominal cavity

44
Q

contains the heart

A

Thoracic cavity

45
Q

contains the small intestine

A

abdominal cavity

46
Q

bounded by the ribs

A

thoracic cavity

47
Q

its walls are muscular

A

abdominal cavity

Anatomy & Physiology I (6 decks)

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