Exam 2 - Chapter 5

Question 0

What is the epidermis and its four cell types?

Answer 0

Thinner and outer layer composed of epithelial tissue, avascular
Keratinocytes - produce keratin
Melanocytes - produce pigment melanin
Intraepidermal macrophages - immune response
Tactile epithelial cells - sensation of touch

Question 1

What is the integumentary system and dermatology?

Answer 1

Integumentary system - composed of skin, hair, oil and sweat glands, nails, and sensory receptors
Dermatology - study of the structure, function, and disorders of the integumentary system

Question 2

What is the dermis and its two regions?

Answer 2

Deeper and thicker layer composed of connective tissue, vascular
Papillary - just below epidermis, composed of areolar tissue, and initiates signals that give rise to sensations
Reticular - deeper portion of dermis, composed of dense irregular tissue, and assist in stretching and strength

Question 3

What is the SubQ?

Answer 3

Deepest layer of skin, attaches skin to underlying tissues and organs

Question 4

What are the functions of the skin?

Answer 4

(1) maintains body integrity (2) maintains temperature (3) concerts inactive vitamin D to its active form (4) provides sensory information (5) maintains homeostasis

Question 5

What are the layers of the epidermis?

Answer 5

(1) stratum corneum (2) stratum lucidum [only thick skin] (3) stratum granulosum (4) stratum spinosum (5) stratum basale

Question 6

Explain skin color

Answer 6

Amount of melanin causes skin color to vary from yellow to brown, amount of hemoglobin cause skin color to vary from pink to red, and carotene causes skin color to vary from normal to orange

Question 7

What is albinism and vitiligo?

Answer 7

Albinism - inability to produce melanin

Vitiligo - partial or complete loss of melanocytes from patches of skin

Question 8

Describe hair

Answer 8

Present on most surfaces, composed of dead, keratinized epidermal cells
Parts consist of shaft (above skin surface), follicle (below level of skin), and root (penetrates into epidermis and dermis)

Question 9

Describe nails

Answer 9

Made of keratinized epidermal cells, include a free edge, transparent nail body, and nail root embedded in a fold of skin

Question 10

What are the four types of glands?

Answer 10

(1) sebaceous (oil) - connected to hair follicles
(2) eccrine sweat - most numerous
(3) apocrine sweat - located in hairy skin
(4) ceruminous - modified sweat glands located in ear

Question 11

What are the two types of wound healing?

Answer 11

(1) epidermal - occurs following superficial wounds that only affect epidermis
(2) deep - occurs when an injury extends to the dermis and subQ layers