Exam 1 - Chapter 2B Flashcards
What is an acid?
Dissociates into 1 or more H+ ions and 1 anion
What is an inorganic and organic compound?
(1) inorganic - lacks carbon and are simple molecules (2) organic - always contain H, usually O, and have covalent bonds
What is a base?
Removes H+, dissociates into (OH-) and 1 ion
What is a salt?
Dissociates into +/- ions
What are properties of water?
Biological solvent, high heat capacity, high heat of vaporization, major component of body fluids, and lubricant to body
What is the pH scale?
0-6.99 acidic, 7 neutral, 7.01-14 basic (alkaline)
What is a buffer system?
Help regulate pH by converting strong acids or bases into weak acids or bases; ultimate buffer is hemoglobin
What are carbohydrates?
Provide most of the energy needed for life
What is a monosaccharide carb?
Simple sugars that contain 3-7 carbon atoms
What is a disaccharide carb?
Simple sugars from combination of two monosaccharides by dehydration synthesis
What is a polysaccharide carb?
Tens-hundreds of monosaccharides joined by dehydration synthesis; (1) glycogen - stored form of carbs in animals (2) starch - stored form of carbs in plants and main carbs in food (3) cellulose - part of cell walls in plants that cannot be digested by humans
What are lipids?
Fatty acids, non polar, does not mix with H2O
What is a triglyceride fat?
Single glycerol molecule and three fatty acid molecules, hydrophobic; provide protection, insulation, and energy
What is a phospholipid fat?
Two fatty acids, two carbons; important component of cell membranes
What is a steroid?
4 rings of carbon, made of cholesterol
What is a protein?
Gives structure to the body, regulate processes, provide protection, assist in muscle contraction, transport substances, and serve as enzymes
What is an amino acid?
Contain NH2 connected to C connected to COOH connected to H alone, last bond makes them differ; 20 different types, connect to form chains by dehydration synthesis: a peptide bond
What are reactants and products?
Reactants are the starting substances whereas products are ending substances
What is DNA?
Forms genetic code in nuclei and regulates cell activity
What is RNA?
Guides protein formation, copy of DNA; mRNA - cutting and splicing, rRNA - joins with ribosomal proteins to make ribosomes, tRNA - holds and places amino acid
What is ATP?
Adenosine triphosphate - energy currency, transfers energy liberated in reactions to power cellular activities
