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Human Anatomy & Pysiology > Exam 1 - Chapter 2B > Flashcards

Exam 1 - Chapter 2B Flashcards

0
Q

What is an acid?

A

Dissociates into 1 or more H+ ions and 1 anion

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1
Q

What is an inorganic and organic compound?

A

(1) inorganic - lacks carbon and are simple molecules (2) organic - always contain H, usually O, and have covalent bonds

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2
Q

What is a base?

A

Removes H+, dissociates into (OH-) and 1 ion

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3
Q

What is a salt?

A

Dissociates into +/- ions

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4
Q

What are properties of water?

A

Biological solvent, high heat capacity, high heat of vaporization, major component of body fluids, and lubricant to body

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5
Q

What is the pH scale?

A

0-6.99 acidic, 7 neutral, 7.01-14 basic (alkaline)

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6
Q

What is a buffer system?

A

Help regulate pH by converting strong acids or bases into weak acids or bases; ultimate buffer is hemoglobin

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7
Q

What are carbohydrates?

A

Provide most of the energy needed for life

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8
Q

What is a monosaccharide carb?

A

Simple sugars that contain 3-7 carbon atoms

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9
Q

What is a disaccharide carb?

A

Simple sugars from combination of two monosaccharides by dehydration synthesis

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10
Q

What is a polysaccharide carb?

A

Tens-hundreds of monosaccharides joined by dehydration synthesis; (1) glycogen - stored form of carbs in animals (2) starch - stored form of carbs in plants and main carbs in food (3) cellulose - part of cell walls in plants that cannot be digested by humans

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11
Q

What are lipids?

A

Fatty acids, non polar, does not mix with H2O

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12
Q

What is a triglyceride fat?

A

Single glycerol molecule and three fatty acid molecules, hydrophobic; provide protection, insulation, and energy

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13
Q

What is a phospholipid fat?

A

Two fatty acids, two carbons; important component of cell membranes

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14
Q

What is a steroid?

A

4 rings of carbon, made of cholesterol

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15
Q

What is a protein?

A

Gives structure to the body, regulate processes, provide protection, assist in muscle contraction, transport substances, and serve as enzymes

16
Q

What is an amino acid?

A

Contain NH2 connected to C connected to COOH connected to H alone, last bond makes them differ; 20 different types, connect to form chains by dehydration synthesis: a peptide bond

17
Q

What are reactants and products?

A

Reactants are the starting substances whereas products are ending substances

18
Q

What is DNA?

A

Forms genetic code in nuclei and regulates cell activity

19
Q

What is RNA?

A

Guides protein formation, copy of DNA; mRNA - cutting and splicing, rRNA - joins with ribosomal proteins to make ribosomes, tRNA - holds and places amino acid

20
Q

What is ATP?

A

Adenosine triphosphate - energy currency, transfers energy liberated in reactions to power cellular activities

Human Anatomy & Pysiology (5 decks)

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