Exam #2 Chapter 4: Sleep Flashcards
What is the Restorative Theory?
Sleep replenishes chemicals and repairs cellular damage
What are the four theories of why we sleep
a. Restorative
b. Perservation
c. Memory Storage
d. Maturation
What is the Preservation (Adaptive) Theory
Preservation and Protection: Animals evolved sleep patterns to avoid predators by sleeping when predators are most active
What is the Memory Storage Theory
Allows us time to consolidate and organize our memories
What is Maturation Theory
a. You sleep less and less as you age
b. Time in which you grow he most = most sleep
Who is Randy Gardner
a. Went 11 days without sleep in 1965
b. Serious cognitive and behavioral changes during study
Who is Peter Tripp
a. Radio DJ that stayed awake for 200 hours for charity
b. Started out a very cheerful and upbeat guy…he turned vile and mean…body temp dropped…hallucinated…cursed his barber…was never the same
Summarize the effects of sleep deprivation
a. Any significant loss of sleep which results in problems with concentration and irritability.
What are POLYSOMNOGRAPHS
A tool to observe the stages of sleep used in sleep studies and medicine
What are BETA WAVES
a. SMALLER/FASTER
b. Person is awake and mentally active
What are ALPHA WAVES
a. LARGER/SLOWER
b. Person is relaxed or lightly sleeping
What happens in stage one of sleep (NON-REM)
a. Theta Waves
b. Brain waves indicating the early stages of sleep
c. Light sleep lasting roughlt 10-15 minutes
What happens in stage two of sleep (NON-REM)?
a. Deepest stage of sleep
b. temperature, breathing and heart rate decrease; sleep spindle and K Complex
What happens in stage three of sleep (NON-REM)?
a. Delta Waves
b. Deepest points of sleep with delta waves present
- What happens in REM?
a. REM (Rapid Eye Movement)
i. Active stage when dreaming occurs
ii. EEG patterns resembles a wakeful state (paradoxical sleep)
iii. Muscles still relaxed
iv. REM Rebound can occur
What are sleep cycles
Pre-sleep (Awake, Beta Waves, Alpha Waves)
b. Non-REM (Stage 1, Theta Waves, Sleep Spindle[burst of activity], Stage 3, Stage 4, Delta Waves)
c. REM (Dreaming)
What is sleep latency
a. Amount of time it takes to enter the stages of sleep
What is sleep architecture
Structure of sleep composed of cyclical patterns of REM and Non-REM sleep
What are the two main categories of sleep disorders?
a. Dysomnias: Difficulty with initiating or obtaining sleep or excessive sleepiness
b. Parasomnias: Problems related to sleep stages
What type of disorders are associated with Dysomnia?
a. Insomnia
b. Sleep Apnea
c. Narcolepsy
What is Insomnia
a. Insomnia: difficulties with initiating and/or maintaining sleep
i. May be caused by a number of factors, from anxiety to behavioral patterns
ii. Treatment is based on cause; but drug treatments are usually GABA agonists
What is Sleep Apnea?
Sleep Apnea: intermittent periods of suffocation during sleep, leading to continual interruptions of deep sleep
i. Nighttime and daytime symptoms
ii. Treatment can include change in diet, surgery, or use of a CPAP
What is Narcolepsy
a. Narcolepsy: excessive daytime sleepiness that leads to strong uncontrollable urges to take brief naps
i. General symptoms also include cataplexy, hallucinations, and sleep paralysis
ii. Narcoleptics also struggle with getting a restful night sleep
iii. Cause is not known, but possibly genetic in some cases
iv. Treatments generally include stimulants
What are Nightmares
a. Bad dreams occurring during REM sleep
