Exam #2 Chapter 4: Sleep

Question 0

What is the Restorative Theory?

Answer 0

Sleep replenishes chemicals and repairs cellular damage

Question 1

What are the four theories of why we sleep

Answer 1

a. Restorative
b. Perservation
c. Memory Storage
d. Maturation

Question 2

What is the Preservation (Adaptive) Theory

Answer 2

Preservation and Protection: Animals evolved sleep patterns to avoid predators by sleeping when predators are most active

Question 3

What is the Memory Storage Theory

Answer 3

Allows us time to consolidate and organize our memories

Question 4

What is Maturation Theory

Answer 4

a. You sleep less and less as you age

b. Time in which you grow he most = most sleep

Question 5

Who is Randy Gardner

Answer 5

a. Went 11 days without sleep in 1965

b. Serious cognitive and behavioral changes during study

Question 6

Who is Peter Tripp

Answer 6

a. Radio DJ that stayed awake for 200 hours for charity
b. Started out a very cheerful and upbeat guy…he turned vile and mean…body temp dropped…hallucinated…cursed his barber…was never the same

Question 7

Summarize the effects of sleep deprivation

Answer 7

a. Any significant loss of sleep which results in problems with concentration and irritability.

Question 8

What are POLYSOMNOGRAPHS

Answer 8

A tool to observe the stages of sleep used in sleep studies and medicine

Question 9

What are BETA WAVES

Answer 9

a. SMALLER/FASTER

b. Person is awake and mentally active

Question 10

What are ALPHA WAVES

Answer 10

a. LARGER/SLOWER

b. Person is relaxed or lightly sleeping

Question 11

What happens in stage one of sleep (NON-REM)

Answer 11

a. Theta Waves
b. Brain waves indicating the early stages of sleep
c. Light sleep lasting roughlt 10-15 minutes

Question 12

What happens in stage two of sleep (NON-REM)?

Answer 12

a. Deepest stage of sleep

b. temperature, breathing and heart rate decrease; sleep spindle and K Complex

Question 13

What happens in stage three of sleep (NON-REM)?

Answer 13

a. Delta Waves

b. Deepest points of sleep with delta waves present

Question 14

15. What happens in REM?

Answer 14

a. REM (Rapid Eye Movement)
i. Active stage when dreaming occurs
ii. EEG patterns resembles a wakeful state (paradoxical sleep)
iii. Muscles still relaxed
iv. REM Rebound can occur

Question 15

What are sleep cycles

Answer 15

Pre-sleep (Awake, Beta Waves, Alpha Waves)

b. Non-REM (Stage 1, Theta Waves, Sleep Spindle[burst of activity], Stage 3, Stage 4, Delta Waves)
c. REM (Dreaming)

Question 16

What is sleep latency

Answer 16

a. Amount of time it takes to enter the stages of sleep

Question 17

What is sleep architecture

Answer 17

Structure of sleep composed of cyclical patterns of REM and Non-REM sleep

Question 18

What are the two main categories of sleep disorders?

Answer 18

a. Dysomnias: Difficulty with initiating or obtaining sleep or excessive sleepiness
b. Parasomnias: Problems related to sleep stages

Question 19

What type of disorders are associated with Dysomnia?

Answer 19

a. Insomnia
b. Sleep Apnea
c. Narcolepsy

Question 20

What is Insomnia

Answer 20

a. Insomnia: difficulties with initiating and/or maintaining sleep
i. May be caused by a number of factors, from anxiety to behavioral patterns
ii. Treatment is based on cause; but drug treatments are usually GABA agonists

Question 21

What is Sleep Apnea?

Answer 21

Sleep Apnea: intermittent periods of suffocation during sleep, leading to continual interruptions of deep sleep

i. Nighttime and daytime symptoms
ii. Treatment can include change in diet, surgery, or use of a CPAP

Question 22

What is Narcolepsy

Answer 22

a. Narcolepsy: excessive daytime sleepiness that leads to strong uncontrollable urges to take brief naps
i. General symptoms also include cataplexy, hallucinations, and sleep paralysis
ii. Narcoleptics also struggle with getting a restful night sleep
iii. Cause is not known, but possibly genetic in some cases
iv. Treatments generally include stimulants

Question 23

What are Nightmares

Answer 23

a. Bad dreams occurring during REM sleep

Question 24

What are Night Terrors

Answer 24

a. A disorder in which the person experiences extreme fear- causes them to scream or run around while asleep
b. Occurs: First 4 hours of sleep during Non REM sleep

Question 25

What is Sleep Walking (Somnambulism)

Answer 25

a. Occurs during deep sleep, moving and walking around while sleeping

Question 26

What is Manifest Content of Dreams

Answer 26

a. The content of what occurs in one’s dream

Question 27

What is the Latent Content of Dreams

Answer 27

The symbolic or hidden meaning in dreams

Question 28

What is the Cognitive Dream Theory

Answer 28

a. Dreams can be used to analyze and solve problems

Question 29

What is the Activation Synthesis

Answer 29

a. Dreams are created by the higher centers of the cortex to explain the activation by the brain stem of cortical cells during REM sleep.

Question 30

What is the Theory of Dreams

Answer 30

a. Activation synthesis theory vs psychoanalytic approach (Freud)

Question 31

What are Micro-Sleeps

Answer 31

Brief sleeps lasting only seconds

Question 32

What is the REM Rebound

Answer 32

a. Increased amount of REM sleep after being deprived of it earlier

Question 33

What is the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus

Answer 33

a. Internal alarm clock telling people when to wake up/fall asleep

Question 34

What is Stage 2 Sleep

Answer 34

Body temp, heart rate, and breathing slow down.

b. Sleep spindle (series of bursts of brain activity shown on Polysomnograph) and K complex (one large burst)

Question 35

What is the Psychoanalytic Approach to Dreaming

Answer 35

a. Dreams are a mechanism for wish-fulfillment

b. Manifest and Latent Content

Question 36

What is the Activation Information Mode Model

Answer 36

Information accessed during waking hours can have an influence on the synthesis of dreams