Exam 2, ch9 part2 Flashcards
Define Confidence Interval
Indicates amount of uncertainty associated with a sample estimate of a population parameter
If CI crosses 1 what it means?
Ex: 0.7 - 1.1 crosses 1 and means not significant (no difference between arms of study)
What does CI of 90% mean?
Expect 90% of interval estimates to include population parameter
P-value below and above 0.05 means?
<0.05= statistically significant difference between groups >0.05= not a statistically significant difference between groups
Define Relative Risk
Ratio of the risk of an event among the exposed to the risk among the unexposed
RR value of 1, below 1, and above 1 mean?
RR >1 is risk of the outcome of interest is increased for one group
RR <1 is risk of the outcome of interest is decreased for one group
RR=0 is risk of the outcome of interest is equal between groups
Define Odds Ratio. When used most?
Ratio of odds of an event occurring in one group to the odds of an event occurring in another group
Retrospective in case-controlled and studies of harm.
Odds Ratio 1, below 1, above 1?
OR=1 exposure does not effect odds of outcome
OR <1 exposure associated with lower odds of outcome
OR >1 exposure associated with higher odds of outcome
Define Hazard Ratio
Measure of how often a particular adverse event occurs in one group compared to another group
What is the primary distinguishing characteristic of a hazard ratio?
Element of time
What to hazard studies look at?
Serious adverse events or death
Hazard Ratio (HR) 1, below 1, above one?
HR=1 is equal hazard
HR>1 is greater hazard
HR<1 is lesser hazard
Survival analysis can be used to calculate which ratio?
Hazard Ratio
What is Absolute Risk of disease?
Risk of developing a disease over a period of time
What does Relative Risk compare?
Used to compare risk in two different groups of people
