Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biomaterials > Exam 2 (Ch. 7-9) > Flashcards

Exam 2 (Ch. 7-9) Flashcards

1
Q

excess energy on the surface is called…

A

surface tension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

adsorption is…

A

adhesion of molecules to a solid surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

absorption is…

A

penetration of molecules into the bulk of another material

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

adsorbate within the body is composed of…

A

ions, water, and proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

two surface properties with largest effect on favorability of adsorption

A

hydrophobicity and charge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

protein adsorption generally (increases/decreases) with increasing hydrophobicity

A

increases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

PEG is…

A

large, flexible, and hydrophilic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

two other factors that affect adsorption are…

A

surface roughness and steric concerns

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

a high degree of surface roughness can promote protein adsorption bc…

A

it can “trap” proteins in valleys

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

ideal surface treatments are…

A

thin, resistant to delamination, and simple and robust

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

chemical surface modifications add…

A

covalent coatings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

plasma discharge treatments (chemical surface modification) are…

A

easily prepared, sterile, free of pinhole defects…but expensive and can be contaminated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

chemical vapor deposition (CVD)…

A

exposes a sample to a mixture of gases, resulting in a coating (often pyrolytic carbon)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

sputter deposition (a kind of physical vapor deposition) has two steps…

A

energetic ions bombard the target and transfer momentum, causing ejection of some target surface atoms which strike the sample surface and form a thin film

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

radiation grafting and photografting are (chemical/physical) surface modification techniques that…

A

chemical, that form surface coatings (can add hydrogels to hydrophobic surfaces)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

self-assembling molecules (SAMs) are amphiphilic and have three key regions…

A

attachment group, long hydrocarbon chain, function (polar) head group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

the driving force for assembly between the substrate material and an SAM’s attachment group is…

A

a strong exothermic reaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Langmuir-Blodgett film deposition is a non-covalent chemical surface modification technique where…

A

amphiphilic molecules are deposited on the surface in a Langmuir trough (versatile but unstable)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

surface-modifying additives (SMAs)…

A

spontaneously rise to the surface when added to material bulk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

conversion coating…

A

adds an oxide layer to a metallic implant (barrier to corrosion)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

lithography techniques are used for…

A

patterning (high precision, high cost)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

light microscopy yields…

A

qualitative imaging of a surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

electron spectroscopy (ESCA) and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) yield…

A

spectra of atoms present with binding energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

ATR-FTIR yields…

A

absorbance spectra

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS)

A

separates ionic species by mass, gives info on composition of top few atomic layers

26
Q

scanning electron microscopy…

A

images a surface and allows for analysis of both the X-rays and electrons emitted when it is bombarded with an electron beam

27
Q

micro-contact printing is…

A

stamping technique (patterning)

28
Q

__________ is a measure of the amount of energy in a system available for work

A

enthalpy

29
Q

__________ is a measure of the disorder of the system

A

entropy

30
Q

zwitterions…

A

carry equal but opposite charges

31
Q

______ is the amino acid that has a ring and is therefore highly inflexible

A

proline (prO)

32
Q

________ is the amino acid that can form strong disulfide bonds

A

cysteine

33
Q

after enough time, desorption becomes unlikely because…

A

all contact points would have to break simultaneously

34
Q

describe the Vroman effect

A

proteins which are smaller or in greater concentration will arrive to the surface first, but will eventually be displaced by those with greater affinity

35
Q

high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) or adsorption chromatography…

A

beads in the stationary phase are coated with either very hydrophobic or hydrophilic polymers - analyte molecules then adsorb to the beads to varying degrees (first species out have least affinity for the column)

36
Q

normal phase chromatography

A

POLAR stationary phase, NONPOLAR mobile (more hydrophilic molecules eluted LATER)

37
Q

reversed-phase chromatography

A

NONPOLAR stationary phase, POLAR mobile phase (more hydrophilic molecules eluted FIRST)

38
Q

enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)

A

plates are coated with an antibody that attaches to the protein of interest, allows for quantification of the amount of protein in a solution or on a surface

39
Q

differentiated (committed) cells have

A

attained tissue-specific function

40
Q

non-differentiated (progenitor) cells are

A

uncommitted

41
Q

three types of cell contacts

A

tight junctions (nothing thru), gap junctions (some stuff thru), desmosomes (belt or spot, like stitches)

42
Q

two types of cell-ECM contacts

A

hemidesmosomes and focal adhesions

43
Q

the ECM is made up of…

A

fiber-forming elements (collagen and elastin) and filler molecules (glycoproteins and proteoglycans)

44
Q

__________ is the most abundant protein in mammals, made up of alpha chains, and is responsible for tissue tensile strength

A

collagen

45
Q

collagen –> ________ –> _________

A

fibrils, fibers

46
Q

____________ facilitates formation of hemidesmosomes and focal adhesions

A

fibronectin

47
Q

traditional cell death is called…programmed cell death is called…

A

necrosis, apoptosis

48
Q

_____ cells replicate continuously

A

labile

49
Q

stems cells are unipotent, _________, or ___________

A

multipotent, totipotent

50
Q

the ________ is the binding site on mRNA

A

anticodon

51
Q

the _____ theory is a basic cell adhesion model

A

DLVO

52
Q

__________ are finger-like extensions from a cell involved in both….

A

pseudopodia, involved in both cell spreading and migration

53
Q

____________ is directed movement in response to soluble chemical signals (requires a gradient)

A

chemotaxis (taxi)

54
Q

two types of indirect contact assays (for cytotoxicity)

A

agar diffusion assay and filter diffusion test

55
Q

_________ assays are used to determine the cytotoxicity of leachable molecules found in biomaterials

A

elution

56
Q

the ________________ is an assay that measures cell migration distance

A

capillary tube test

57
Q

assays that measure the time required for cells to migrate and close a gap are called…

A

scratch tests

58
Q

the Boyden chamber assay measures…

A

the number of cells migrating away from a given area

59
Q

PCR tests allow for evaluation of the…

A

damage to a cell’s DNA

60
Q

laser confocal scanning microscopy (LCSM) allows for

A

visualization of tissues or tissue-based constructs

Biomaterials (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions