exam 2 (ch 4 (wk 6)- ch 7 (wk8)) Flashcards
1
Q
five patient vital signs
A
-weight
-temp
-heart rate
-respiratory rate
-pain score
-body condition score
2
Q
Animals have two responses to fear which one describes trying to get away?
A
flight
3
Q
FAS
A
fear, anxiety, stress
4
Q
Which of the protocols for creating a Fear FreeTM environment encompasses interactions between the veterinary team, the patient, and input from the environment?
A
considerate approach
5
Q
Often restraint is what causes the pet’s fear not the procedure
A
true
6
Q
Touch gradient encompasses both gentle control and considerate approach to minimize all except
A
continuous hands-on contact
7
Q
what all does touch gradient minimize
A
FAS during procedures
8
Q
Of the three types of vaccines which one uses a virus or bacteria that has been passed through a culture to reduce its virulence
A
modified live
9
Q
3 vaccines
A
modified live
killed
recombinant
10
Q
Most vaccines are given by which route?
A
SQ
11
Q
It is advised that practices scan pets for microchips each time they visit for what
A
a. Ensure the chip is working
b. Check for migration of the chip
c. Discover microchips that pet owners are unaware of
d. Remind owners to update the microchip registration
12
Q
It is recommended that seniors start coming for exams every six months starting at about which age?
A
7 yrs
13
Q
Safety is of utmost important when taking radiographs. The absolute minimum protective equipment that should be provided and worn is which of the following?
A
Lead thyroid collars
gowns
gloves
goggles (least important)
14
Q
It is vital that the hospital provide informed consent to clients prior to any elected surgical procedures. Informed consent ensures that the client:
A
a. Has been advised
b. Understands the risks
c. Agrees to the procedures elected
15
Q
Therapeutic Diets require a prescription from a veterinarian to be
sold.
A
true
16
Q
Once a vaccination is given to a pet how long does it take to generate an
immune response to the antigens in the vaccine?
A
several weeks
17
Q
what is NOT a responsibility of the veterinary technician team?
A
Supervise the Reception team
18
Q
responsibilities of vet tech team
A
b. Ask questions
c. Be a patient advocate
d. Help other team members
e. Suggest improvements to increase efficiency
19
Q
creating a fear free environment
A
*Essential for patient, client and team safety
*Quicker burnout and compassion fatigue
*Recognize and respond to patient fear
*Must be safe, fun and relaxing
*Every activity must be performed in a safe zone
*Create a plan of action
20
Q
communication
A
*Recognize signs of relaxed or stressed patients
*Some signs are subtle
*Constantly assess and reassess the patient throughout the experience
*Patient’s body language
*Keep an emotional record alongside the medical record
*Document which techniques worked best
21
Q
considerate approach
A
Encompasses the interactions between the veterinary team, the patient, and input from the environment
22
Q
gentle control
A
How the veterinary team comfortably and safely positions patients to allow administration of veterinary care with minimal restraint
23
Q
preventative care promotes:
A
improved health
disease prevention
nutrition
obesity prevention
dental care
24
Q
vaccine protocols vary with:
A
age and location
colostral antibodies
vaccine type and route
nutritional status of patient
25
microchip scanning for every pet:
–ensure the functionality of the implanted chip
–check for migration of a chip
–discover microchips that pet owners are unaware of
–remind pet owners to update microchip registration if they have moved or changed phone numbers or email addresses
–provide an opportunity to provide protection to pets that are not microchipped
26
parasite prevention
varies depending on geographical location
27
important topics for puppies and kittens
–nutrition
–spaying and neutering
–vaccines
–behavior
–dental disease
28
adults
*Different needs than younger patients
*Detect diseases early!
*Detailed history: open-ended questions
*Five vital signs
*vaccines
*behavior
*dental disease
29
seniors
*Exams every 6 months starting at about 7yrs
*Blood work
*Changing nutritional needs
*Vaccines
*Parasite prevention
*Dental disease
30
diagnostics
*Provide clients with an estimate prior to beginning any diagnostic
*cytology
*urinalysis
*fecals
*ECG
*blood pressure
31
in house lab tests
– CBC
– Blood chemistry
– Heartworm test urinalysis
– Cytologic analysis
– FeLV/FIV test
– Parvovirus test
32
types of imaging
*digital radiographs
*ultrasound
*computed tomography
*magnetic resonance imaging
33
surgery includes
*pre-anesthetic documentation
*informed consent
*Client must understand procedure and prognosis
34
pre-anesthetic options
o bloodwork
o electrocardiography
o IV catheter and fluids
o histopathology
35
local anesthesia
sensory nerves (dental work)
36
general anesthesia
central nervous system (unconscious)
37
spinal anesthesia
interruption of function of nerves (lose feeling)
38
discharging patients
*Every animal must be clean when released to client
*Incisions must be checked
*E-collars should be applied for owner
*Give first dose of medication in front of owner if possible
39
Which type of ethics do the following documents uphold: the American Veterinary Medical Association’s Principles of Veterinary Medical Ethics, the Veterinary Hospital Managers Association’s Code of Ethics, and the National Association of Veterinary Technicians in America’s Code of Ethics?
professional
40
Citing a published code of ethics, members of a state veterinary board give an official reprimand to a veterinarian within their state. Which of the following types of ethics are these board members most likely to be demonstrating?
administrative
41
the requirements necessary to practice veterinary medicine within a state
The Veterinary Practice Act
42
A veterinarian is recommending that a client’s 10-year-old female domestic shorthaired cat undergo surgery because of a broken femur. The client is given informed consent forms to sign following a thorough discussion of the procedure. What must be completed on the consent form?
Risks, benefits, prognosis, alternative treatments, costs
43
A client of a veterinary practice reports that he is moving to another state and
requests his horse’s medical records. What is the most appropriate action by the veterinary clinic?
Give a copy of the medical records to the client
44
A badly injured animal with a complex medical history is brought to the clinic.
After a thorough review of the medical history and an examination, the
veterinarian asks the receptionist to place a call to a specialist as a reference. The veterinarian is exercising what protocol?
Standard of care
45
A premises violation
A surgery room being used as an exam room
46
The difference between ethics and law lies in what
The difference between ethics and law lies in the enforcement
47
Complaints against veterinary practices are usually caused by
ineffective communication
48
What would be an example of a civil law case?
A contract dispute between a veterinarian and an employee
49
Practices often face a dilemma when a good Samaritan brings in a pet that has been hit by a car. The law of unjust enrichment allows protection for the practice if critical factors are met. Which of the following would NOT be one of the required critical factors?
Once stable treatment for non-life threatening injuries should be
completed
50
Once a valid client-patient relationship has been established a practice must
continue the treatment on a patient until what occurs?
a. patient recovers
b. all treatments agreed upon have been completed
c. patient dies
d. client terminates the relationship
51
social
consensus of principles adopted or accepted by society
52
personal
define what is right or wrong on an individual basis
53
professional
developed specifically for a particular discipline
54
Professional Code of ethics
-Branch of philosophy
-Consists of all the obligations that professionals must respect
-Includes core values
-Code of professional conduct
55
AVMA
Addresses moral and ethical issues related to animals and society
56
NAVTA code of ethics
combination of professional ethics that focuses on both practicing medicine and protecting the profession as a whole
57
four branches of veterinary ethics
descriptive, official, administrative, and normative
58
descriptive
Study of ethical views regarding behavior and attitudes
59
official
Creation of standards adopted by organizations
60
administrative
Actions by administrative government bodies
61
normative
search for correct principles
62
laws
developed and enforced by government
63
veterinary practice act of each state
-Standards of care are developed from both the practice act and statutory law
-Principles of ethics govern veterinary medicine and are implemented for the protection of the profession and society
64
vet practice act
-Emphasizes that the right to practice veterinary medicine is a privilege granted by state law
- Subject to regulation and to protect and promote public health, safety and welfare
-Individuals are expected to possess the personal and professional qualifications specified in the act
65
AVMA Model Practice Act
*Used to develop state veterinary practice acts
*Vary by state
*Umbrella laws that govern the practice of veterinary medicine
*Changes must be submitted to the House and Senate, and then signed by governor
66
Board of Veterinary Medicine
Regulated and enforced by state veterinary board;
-Oversees veterinarians and veterinary technicians
-Responsible for testing and licensure, collection of fees, and the evaluation of complaints
-Can revoke any professional veterinary license
67
Definitions of Law
*Consists of established rules, statutes, and administrative agency rules
*Divided into civil and criminal
68
civil
duties between individuals and society; violation results in fines
69
criminal
prosecutes crimes committed against the public as a whole; violation results in jail time and fines
70
negligence
performance of an act that a reasonable person under the same circumstances would not perform; any form results in injury to patients (dereliction of duty)
71
consent
Voluntary acceptance or agreement to what is planned or is done for a patient by another person
72
informed consent
veterinary practice has given information to a client;
-Must be given freely
-Treatment and diagnosis must be given in understandable terms
-States risks, benefits, and prognosis
-Must provide statement of alternative treatments or procedures
-Client must be given the right to ask questions and have them answered
73
court of law
-Documentation MUST be in the record
-Signed consent form is not enough
-Do not use blanket forms! Tailor to specific patient and procedure
-All risks and benefits should be listed and initiated
74
AVMA code of ethics
good Samaritan brings in pet that was hit by car; veterinarians are then ethically obligated to provide essential services to pet
75
law of unjust enrichment
allows protection for the practice if:
-severity of injuries is proven
-medical care to stabilize the patient can be proven
-practice must try to contact owner and document
-once patient is stable only supportive care should be rendered
76
recovering costs
practice must take client to court
77
duty to treat is only initiated once
client-patients relationship has been established; then continue treatment until:
-patient recovers
-vet has completed all treatments agreed on
-patient dies
-client terminates relationship
78
after hours
obligated to provide emergency care after hours to clients or refer their clients to location that can help
79
lien
placed until payment is made; officers can take an animal into possession if it is determined that the animal is being treated cruelly, neglected, or abandoned; if not paid within 10-20 days of notice, may euthanize or turn over to a humane society
80
four basic elements of negligence
-Valid client-patient relationship must exist
-Breach of duty (standard care)
-Proximate cause (connection must be established)
-Damages or harm were incurred by the patient as a result of neglect
81
standard of care
the duty to exercise the care and diligence that is ordinarily exercised by a reasonably competent veterinarian under normal circumstances
82
examples of malpractice
* Incorrect drug administration
* Incorrect strength of drug administration
* Failure to clean animal
* Abandonment
* Failure to communicate
* Disease transmission
* Use of defective equipment or medication
83
most common complaints
* Unsatisfied experience
* Lack of communication
* Unexpected death
* Conduct, record keeping, premises, and pharmaceutical issues
84
how to avoid malpractice
* Communicate with the client
* Document every conversation in the medical record
* Document every medication, procedure, etc., in the medical record
* Document every recommendation and declined procedure
* Inform clients before they make decisions
* Refer the case if needed
85
medical records
-owned by practice
-client can request copy at anytime; sign release form
-legal document: legible, correct, complete
86
abandoned animals
* Animals are left unclaimed
* Must make repeated attempts to contact the owner
* Certified letter should be sent
* Practice is responsible for providing treatment that will prevent harm or neglect
* Not required to perform lifesaving techniques
* Once considered abandoned pet can be made available for adoption
87
impending laws
* State and Local Ownership vs Guardian Issues
* Compounding Medications
* Extra-Label Drug Use in Patients
* Fairness to Pet Owners Act
88
symptom of spiritual compassion fatigue
Hopelessness and loss of purpose
89
symptom of interpersonal compassion fatigue
Decreased interest in intimacy and mistrust
90
symptom of physical compassion fatigue
Lack of self-care and illness
91
must be present for someone to experience compassion fatigue
An ability for empathy; a caregiving relationship
92
STS
Secondary Traumatic Stress; Cyclical impact on team members, patients, and clients; Your work-related secondary exposure to extremely or traumatically stressful events
93
Compassion fatigue can be resolved by
taking vacation
94
compassion fatigue doesn't affect
the drug manufacture representative
95
not a factor that contributes to the increase in compassion fatigue during the holiday season
Staff members take time off
96
NOT a symptom of behavioral compassion fatigue
Disconnecting from friends
97
What percent of individuals who seek treatment for depression can be treated successfully?
80% to 90%
98
veterinarian causes of CF
1. difficult or noncompliant clients
2. not enough time
3. discussing/disputing fees
99
supporting staff causes of CF
1. Difficult/non-compliant clients
2. Problems with coworkers
3. Not enough time
100
common stressors
overall demands of the job
lack of clarity about responsibilities
management/ownership pressures
lack of work-life balance
101
Cognitive symptoms
apathy, dec in self esteem, self-harm thoughts
102
Behavioral symptoms
impatient, nightmares, unable to cope
103
Emotional symptoms
depression, anger, feeling drained
104
Spiritual symptoms
loss of purpose, hopelessness
105
Interpersonal symptoms
isolation, intolerance, mistrust, being withdrawn, decreased intimacy
106
Physical symptoms
aches/pains, depressed immune system
107
E+R=O
events and responses create outcomes
108
Emotional Intelligence
one’s awareness of his or her emotions, communication, and impact on others
109
Examples of high level of emotional intelligence
self awareness, empathy, motivation, self regulation, and social skills
110
Balance
Work-life balance is an exclusive goal for many veterinary professionals
111
Factors that play into someone’s definition of work-life balance
* Personal demands (children, family)
* Extracurricular activities
* Professional demands
* Personal expectations
* Generational differences
112
The three generations present in the workplace currently are
* Baby boomers
* Generation X
* Millennials
113
setting boundaries questions
1. What unrealistic expectations have you put on yourself?
2. What is a boundary you can draw, even if its just once a month, that will improve your job satisfaction?
3. Will these boundaries affect your ability to complete your job responsibilities? If you are not sure, you should discuss it with your supervisor before setting it.
4. What impacts will this boundary have to others?
114
Compassion satisfaction
The pleasure you derive from the ability to do your work well. The higher the compassion satisfaction, the lower the compassion fatigue.
115
burnout
Feelings of hopelessness and difficulties in dealing with work or in doing your job effectively
116
factors that influence both practice culture and employee connection
1. Leadership’s mind-set, emotional intelligence, and vulnerability
2. Trust among the staff
3. Communication and conflict resolution skills
4. Staff meetings; if they occur, how effective they are
5. Practice accountability: the goal is not only for accountability to be driven by the management team, but also for the staff to hold each other accountable
6. Level of understanding in regard to each other’s personality and communication style
117
helping others
Ask: ive noticed you have been a little off lately, is everything ok? – don’t accept yup as an answer if you know something is wrong
Listen: do not compare things you are going or have gone through to what they are; they need a listening year, not competing voice
Empathy: regardless of their reasons, try to understand; being judgmental will only create a barrier between you and them
Reassure: tell them they are important and loved; reassure them that you are there to support them; doesn’t mean you have to help them find a solution
Support: you don’t need to be the solution and should not be; let them know that you would like to help them find professional support
Follow Through: check in on them; call or meet them and actually do it
118
what percent of Americans 18+ are affected by depression
20-25%
119
females experiencing depression
2 times more than men; death rate attempts 3 times more than males; 4.4%; 10.9% vet med
120
males experiencing depression
death rates 4 times higher than females; 3.5%; 6.8% vet med
121
percent of people dying with diagnosable mental conditons
90%
122
LGBTQ
3 times more likely to attempt suicide
123
percent of vets that are substance abusers
11-13%
124
percent of DVMs that have worked with other DVMs with substance abuse problems used at work
68% and 51% were fired
