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Systems Path Exam 2 > Exam 2 CH. 22 KIdney > Flashcards

Exam 2 CH. 22 KIdney Flashcards

1
Q

What is Polycystic Kidney Disease

A

Enlarges kidneys, palpable mass, asymptomatic until 30s

Flank pain, headaches

75% develop HTN possible upper UTI

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2
Q

Polycystic kidney disease is autosomal ___________. And is caused by what gene

A

Dominant, PKD1 or 2 gene

Eventual renal failure

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3
Q

Saccular aneurysm mc occurs where

A

In anterior circulation, Anterior communicating artery is MC.

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4
Q

What results in worm like arteries and veins?

A

Ateriovenous Malformation

Is MC cerebrovascular malformation

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5
Q

Who’s most at risk for ateriovenous Malformation (AVM)

A

Males 2x, MC age 10-30 years old

Headaches in 50% of all cases

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6
Q

What is an occlusion of single artery

A

Lacunar infarct

It is silent and devastating

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7
Q

When a small cerebral vessel is ruptured and resorbed

A

Slit Hemorrhage

A “slit like cavity” remains

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8
Q

What occurs when diastolic BP>130 and sever ICP and global cerebral dysfunction

A

Hypertensive Encephalopathy

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9
Q

This is systemic autoimmune vasculitis, fibrinoid necrosis, small heart and arteries

A

Polyarteritis Nodosa

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10
Q

What is primary Angiitis of the CNS

A

chronic inflammation in the multiple parenchyma and subarachnoid vessels

Involves the brain and spinal cord

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11
Q

Who is most at risk for Primary Angiitis of the CNS

A

Males age 30-60

Injury from aneurysm, hemorrhage, ischemia

Treatment is Immunosuppression

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12
Q

Who is more at risk for CNS trauma

A

Males 2x more likely

The Assessment is ABCD

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13
Q

What is punch drunk?

A

Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy CTE

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14
Q

What is most susceptible during a contusion

A

Gyri!!!!!!!!!

Coup injury- at impact site

Contrecoup injury- Opposite site of impact

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15
Q

What is it called when movement of one brain region relative to another

A

Diffuse Axonal Injury (DAI)

Severe dysfunction 50% of causes post traumatic comas

Disrupts white matter, shaking

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16
Q

How long does it take to recover from a Concussion

A

80% in 10 days without treatment

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17
Q

What is post concussive syndrome

A

When symptoms last for weeks to months

15-20% of all concussions

Fatigue/low energy= 37% MC

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18
Q

Whats so bad about second impact syndrome

A

Second concussion can occur and is LETHAL

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19
Q

This is dural ARTERY damage, compresses brain tissue, my be lucid during bleed

A

Epidural Hematoma

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20
Q

Rapid tear movements of VEIN, subdural bleed, compresses brain

A

Subdural Hematoma

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21
Q

WHich one has the dura still attached to the skull epidural or subdural

A

Subdural

22
Q

What is the most common artery effected by an epidural hematoma

A

Middle meningeal artery

Very aggressive lethal within hours

23
Q

What is more common subdural or epidural hematoma

A

Subdural

MC self limited but still an emergency

Clot lysis 1 week, Fibrosis 1-3 months

24
Q

What is the MC CNS malformation

A

Neural tube defects 1/1000

Risks= decreased folate, previous child

25
Q

Spina Bifida Occulta is

A

Bony defect, asymptomatic

26
Q

Myelomeningocele is

A

Extension of CNS through vertebral defect (lumbosacral)

27
Q

Anencephaly is

A

Absence of brain, roster all apsect

28
Q

Encephalocele is

A

CNS diverticulum through cranium

29
Q

Look at slide

A

80

30
Q

What is Hydromyelia

A

Cavity, connected to 4th ventricle

31
Q

Syringomyelia is

A

Aka (syrinx)

Is a cyst within cord in adults

Developmental or traumatic, Arnold Chiari Malf

32
Q

What causes a “Shaw-like” distribution in the upper trunk/arms

A

Syringomyelia

Loss of pain/temp sensation

Possible tissue atrophy or areflexia

33
Q

What is intraparenchymal hemorrhage

A

Prematurity, near ventricles, possible hydrocephalus

34
Q

Infarct is

A

Prematurity, Supratentorial white matter, chalky plaques/necrosis, possible cysts

35
Q

Whats cerebral Palsy

A

Non progressive motor neuron defects

Prematurity, hypoxia, infection damage during development

36
Q

What are symptoms of cerebral palsy

A

Spasticity, dystonia, ataxia, tremors

1/3 have decreased cognition or seizures

37
Q

What is the MC CNS infection

A

Hematogenous, direct implant or local infection

Retrograde from PNS

38
Q

What is a Epidural Abscess

A

Infection in the epidural space

Occurs from adjacent infection aka osteomyelitis

Cord compression results is a Neurosurgical emergency

39
Q

Whats a subdural Empyema

A

Infection in the subdural space

Pyrexia, HA, cervicalgia

Neurologic dysfunction, lethargy, coma

40
Q

Whats meningitis

A

Subarachnoid inflammation of leptomeninges

CSF examination helps to distinguish the type

41
Q

what is Acute pyogenic meningitis

A

Rapid onset, HA, NUCHAL RIGIDITY, PHOTOPHOBIA

CSF=bacteria, increased pressure, neutrophils, proteins (exudate)

Fatal if untreated

42
Q

Whats Kernig sign

A

Pain when moving the legs due from Meningitis

43
Q

Whats the Brudzinski sign

A

When patient lays down and knees are bent they have pain when the head is lifted

44
Q

What causes meningitis is neonates

A

E. Coli

Group B Strep.

45
Q

What causes meningitis in young children

A

Haemophilus INfluenzae

46
Q

What causes meningitis in young adult

A

Neisseria meningitidis

47
Q

What causes meningitis in older adult

A

Strep. Pneumoniae

Listeria monocytogenes

48
Q

What is aseptic meningitis

A

Viral, relatively acute onset, pyrexia, decreased consciousness, unchallenged rigidity, edema

CSF= Increased Lymphocytes

49
Q

Tuberculous meningitis is

A

“Tuberculoma”, HA, malaise, confusion, vomiting

CSF= Moderate increase in WBC’s and proteins

50
Q

Whats spirochetal meningitis

A

3 degree of syphilis or Lyme disease

Neuronal loss, progressive loss of neuro function.

Ataxia, anesthesia, Encephalopathy

Systems Path Exam 2 (6 decks)

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