Ch. 9 Venous Pathology Flashcards
What is a thrombosis
Clot formation within a vessel
Phlebitis is
Generic term for venous inflammation
90% of vein problems are caused but what three pathologies
- Varicose Veins
- Phlebothrombosis
- Thrombophlebitis
What is phlebothrombosis is
A scene of previous inflammation
Thrombophlebitis is
Following inflammation
MC used term
Varicose veins are
Superficial veins are dilated and tortuous
Increase in pressure within lumen=vasodilation
WHo is most at risk for varicose veins
1/3 females, 1/5 males
Obesity, genetics, pregnancy, high heels
Mainly cosmetic concern
What is stasis dermatitis
Insufficient venous return
Thinning of skin
Skin darker/redder
Increase pressure/edema
90% of Deep vein thrombosis occurs from
Thrombophlebitis in the poplitieal fossa
Symptoms of thrombophlebitis
CYANOISIS, ERTHEMA, pain, localized edema
Pulmonary embolism may result
What is superior vena cava syndrome
SVC is compressed or invaded
Lung cancer or medistinaly lymphoma
CONGESTED UE VEINS= UE cyanosis/edema head, neck, arms
What is inferior vena Cava syndrome
IVC is invaded or compressed
Liver or renal cancer, pregnancy may cause
CONGESTED LE veins= LE cyanosis/edema, proteinuria
What is lymphedema
Lymphatic obstruction, fluid accumulation distended tissue
When is lymphedema MC
After infection or inflammation
Primary lymphedema is less common than secondary and is
Congenital malformation
Milroy disease- inherited hypoplasia/agensis of lymph vessels
Secondary lymphedema is more common and is
Obstruction or destruction of previous normal lymph vessels
Tumors, infection (filiarisis)
Surgery may produce thrombosis or fibrosis ( mastectomy)
What is associated with a orange peel appearance
Lymphedema ACUTE
Skin is tethered by sweat ducts
Brawny induration is associated with
CHRONIC lymphedema, hardening of the skin
What is lymphangitis
Acute inflammation into a lymphatic channel
What MC causes lymphangitis
A bacterial infection
Painful red streaks
Are vascular tumors most benign or malignant
Benign MC- hemangioma
Malignant- Kaposi sarcoma, highly aggressive and rare, angiosarcoma
A hemangioma are a
Strawberry like benign tumor
Normally head neck and face
When do hemangioma go away
90% by age 7
Kaposi Sarcoma is associated with what disease
AIDS
What causes Kaposi sarcoma
Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus KSHV or HHV8
Transmitted through sex/oral secretions
When is treatment ofHHV8
Anti-retro viral Ned’s
1000x more likely in AIDS patients
What is an angiosarcoma
Vascular endothelia cells can be highly invasive
Who is MC for angiosarcoma
Older adults
Which is worse differentiated or anaplastic angiosarcoma
Anaplastic- highly malignant
Poor prognosis, 30% 5 yr survival rate,
Recurrent if removed normally
Spread via lymph nodes
Angiosarcoma MC on
Skin, breast, liver, soft tissues
Hepatitic angiosarcoma is associated with
PVC or arsenic exposure
Difference in appearance of an early and late angiosarcoma
Early-small red
Late- large, red/tan
What is the main treatment for CAD
endovascular stenting 90%
Inhibits vasospasm
Possible intima hyperplasia
What is a vascular graft?
Replace or bypass arteries
If using a synthetic vascular graft risk of thrombosis
INCREASES
What has better chance of success at 10 years for a vascular graft
Great Saphenous vein- 50%
Internal mammary artery- 90%
