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Systems Path Exam 2 > Ch 9. Aneurysms > Flashcards

Ch 9. Aneurysms Flashcards

1
Q

What is the difference between a vulnerable and stable plaque?

A

A stable one has a thick layer of fibrous cap while a vulnerable is thin

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2
Q

What is an arterial dissection

A

When blood enters the arterial wall

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3
Q

Difference between a saccular and fusiform aneurysm

A

Saccular-unilateral bulging

Fusiform- bilateral bulging

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4
Q

What are the MC locations for an aneurysm

A

Abdominal aorta
Iliac arteries
Aortic arch

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5
Q

What makes it a true AAA

A

Aorta dilated by 50% or more

Greater than 5cm

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6
Q

Risks of getting AAA

A

Males older than 50, smokers, Caucasian, familial history of HTN, Marian’s syndrome

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7
Q

A abdominal aortic aneurysm is a

A

Contraindication to adjusting

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8
Q

Chance of an AAA rupturing

A

4-5 cm= 1%

5-6cm= 11%

> 6cm = 25%

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9
Q

What percent of AAA ruptures are fatal?

A

50%

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10
Q

Aortic dissection MC affects

A

Males 40-60 years old

HTN is major risk 90% of cases

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11
Q

What causes an early onset of aortic dissections

A

Connective tissue disorder

Marian, ehlers-danios, Wilson

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12
Q

Where does pain project from an aortic dissection

A

Between shoulder blades

Tearing or stabbing pain

Possible confusion with heart attack

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13
Q

Which type of aortic dissection is MC

A

Type A= ascending aorta, most severe, MC

Type B- distal, sublcavian artery, less common

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14
Q

What is Wilson disease

A

Abnormal copper ion transportation

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15
Q

Is Wilson diseased autosomal recessive or dominant

A

Recessive!

> 300 mutations

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16
Q

Kayser-Fleischer rings are from what disease

A

Wilson disease

Found in the eyes

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17
Q

What causes vasculitis

A

Immune mediated aka lupus PAN etc.

Type III hypersensitive

Penicillin

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18
Q

What is giant cell arthritis

A

Aka Temporal arteritis

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19
Q

What is the MC vasculitis found in the elderly >50

A

Temporal arteritis

Autoimmune, arteries of head, patch

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20
Q

What are symptoms of temporal arteritis

A

Facial pain, diplopia/ sudden blindness,fever

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21
Q

Ophthalmic artery makes up what % of temporal arteritis

A

50%

22
Q

What is Takayuki Arteritis

A

Aka pulseless disease

Autoimmune

Narrowing of the aortic arch, decreases pulse

23
Q

Who edges takayasu arteritis MC affect

A

Young adults <50 years old

24
Q

Symptoms of takayasu arteritis

A

Fatigue, fever, weight loss,

Forms granulomas

25
Q

What is polyarteritis Nodosa

A

Systemic autoimmune vasculitis

Small/ medium sized arteries most affected

26
Q

What are the MC areas of polyarteritis Nodosa

A

Kidneys, heart, liver, GI (spares pulmonary arteries

27
Q

What are features of polyarteritis Nodosa

A

Episodic and widespread

Weight loss, fatigue,fever, malaise

28
Q

Polyarteritis Nodosa is MC in

A

Young adult

2/3 ARE IDIOPATHIC, autoimmune

1/3 are post. Hepatitis B infections

29
Q

True or False

Polyarteritis Nodosa is fatal if untreated

A

True

Tx. Corticosteroids 90% cure

30
Q

What are symptoms of polyarteritis nodosa in the G.I. Arteries

A

Abdominal pain, bloody stools

31
Q

Polyarteritis Nodosa and Kawasaki disease both have

A

Fibrinoid necrosis

32
Q

WHo does Kawasaki disease affect

A

80% children younger than 4 yrs old

Aka pediatric vasculitis

33
Q

What percent of Kawasaki disease cases result in heart attack

A

1%

Is acute onset and self limiting

34
Q

Whawhat is the hallmark of Kawasaki disease

A

Acute/persistent fever

35
Q

What percentage of Kawasaki aneursyms resolve in __ years

A

50%, 2 years

36
Q

Who does Kawasaki effect

A

Asian males

37
Q

What disease is associated with a strawberry like tongue

A

Kawasaki disease

No response to ibuprofen

38
Q

What causes conjunctivitis,swollen extremities and cervical lymphadenopathy, oral erythema

A

Kawasaki disease

Tx. Aspirin, corticosteroids, CABG surgery

39
Q

What is Reye syndrome

A

Idiopathic swelling of liver and brain following exposures to

  1. aspirin
  2. Viral infection (ex. Flu, chicken pox)
40
Q

Who is most at risk of Reye syndrome

A

Ages 4-12

Can result in confusion, siezures, behavioral change, loss of consciousness, rash, diarrhea, vomiting

41
Q

True or False

Reye syndrome is a medical emergency

A

TRUE

May be rapidly fatal

42
Q

What is Wegener Granulomatosis

A

Necrotizing vasculitis of kidneys and respiratory tract

43
Q

What type of hypersensitivity is Wegener granulomatiosis

A

Type IV

44
Q

Wegener Granulomatosis MC affects

A

Middle aged males 40yrs old

80% lethal in 1 year if untreated

Tx. Immunosuppresion

45
Q

What is a symptoms of Wegener Granulomatosis

A

Bilateral pneumonitis (95%)

Chronic sinusitis (90)%

Renal disease (80)%- hematureia, proteinuria, possible renal failure

Nasopharyngeal inflammation/ulcers (75)%-rhinitis, nose bleeds

46
Q

What is thromboangitis Obliterans

A

Aka Buerger Disease

Vasculitis in heavy tobacco smokers

47
Q

What does thromboangiitis obliterans mc affect

A

The hands and feet, aka cold feet/hands

Males 25-35 3x more likely

48
Q

What is raynaud phenomenon

A

Pallor and cyanosis

Exaggerated arteriovenous vasoconstriction

49
Q

Raynaud phenomenon mc affects

A

Fingers and toes

More common in adolescent and young adults females more at risk

50
Q

What is pallor

A

White finger tips

51
Q

What is cyanosis

A

Blue finger tips

52
Q

What is Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy

A

Aka broken heart syndrome

Stress induced cardiomyopathy

Surge of catecholamines

Systems Path Exam 2 (6 decks)

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