Ch.9 Metabolic syndrome Flashcards
Narrowing or obstruction of lumen
Atherosclerosis- gradual
Thromboembolism- rapid
Wearing of the vessel wall is
Dilation= aneurysm
Rupture= dissection
What is a arteriosclerosis
Hardening of the arteries generic term
Atherosclerosis- hardening of arteries, atheroma
Whats an aneurysm
Localized dilation of an arterial wall
A dissection is
Passage of blood through layers of wall
Whats a thrombus
Blood clot in a vessel
DVT= occurs in leg, thigh, pelvis
Whats a varicosity
Localized dilation of a vein
What is the site for edema and WBC diapedesis
Post capillary venules
What provides vascular resistance
Arterioles
Veins have a ____ lumen and ______ walls
Large, thin
Prone to dilation, compression, and invasion
Lymphatic vessels are ______ walled and lined by ___________.
Thin, endothelia
What are the functions of endothelial cells
Regulates clot formation
Vasoreactivity (nitric oxide, endothelin)
Regulates cell growth-smooth muscle cell
What is endothelial activation?
Pro inflammatory
Ex. Atherosclerosis
Hypertension
Diabetes
Thrombosis
What is a berry aneurysm
Dilation of cerebral vessels’
If ruptures is a subarachnoid hemorrhage
What is arteriovenous fistula
A larger artery inappropriate connects to a vein, bypasses capillaries
Fibomuscular dysplasia is
Local thickening of medium/large artery walls- Ischemia results
IS NOT INFLAMMATORY
Who is at risk for Fibromuscular dysplasia
Young Adult females
MC
What is hypotension
Less than 90/60 decreased perfusion and dysfunction
Hypertension is considered
Higher 140/90
What provides nutrients to the intima and inner 1/2 of media
Diffusion from lumen
What provides nutrition to the outer 1/2 of media and adventitia
Vasa vasorum
What is tunica media is enlarged in what vessels
Large arteries
Small inside of veins= aka floppy
What anomalies are rarely symptomatic
Berry Aneurysm
Arteriovenous Fistula (AV)
Fibromuscular Dysplasia- can cause renovascular hypertension
What two things regulate Blood pressure
Cardiac output (HR+stroke volume)
Peripheral vascular resistance
When does the renin angiotensin system kick into gear?
When BP decreases
Increases sodium resorption which increases blood volume
Vasoconstriction
What does ANP release in relationship too
Increased BP from a stretched heart
- Reduces sodium resorption (diuresis)
- Vasodilation
Look at slide 17
Ya buddy
Without treatment of Hypertension results in
50% die from ishemic heart disease
- Heart atttack
- Congestive heart failure
Another 1/3 will die from stroke
How many U.S. adults have hypertension
25% silent killer
What are the organs most susepctible to hypertension
Heart kidneys, brain,eyes
True or False
95% of hypertension cases are “essential”
True
What makes it malignant hypertension
180/120 or higher
Lethal within 1-2 years, retinal hemorrhage
Renal failure, stroke
Who is at a high risk for Hypertension
African Americans
Age,stress,obsety stroke genetics
True or False
Injury to tunica intima is irreversible?
True
Causes vessel stenosis resulting in tissue ischemia
WHich type of arteriosclerosis is more severe?
Hyperplastic
Onion skin appearance
Possible kidney failure
What arteriosclerosis is chronic
Hyaline
Increased ECM
Lower lever hypertension
Arterioloclerosis is damage to
Small arteries, from chronic HTN or diabetes
What type of arteriosclerosis is not clinically significant
Monckeberg medial sclerosis
Ca deposits on media
Atherosclerosis is
Clinically significant, MC of all three atheromas
Mc affect heart,brain,kidney, intestines
99% of arteriosclerosis is
1 cause of death in US
Atherosclerosis
Who’s at risk for monckeber medial Sclerosis
Affects elderly
Atherosclerosis release marcrophages and lipids from what kind of cells
Foam cells
Ca of vessel wall
MC in heart attack
What layer is weakened making vessels prone to dialtaion
Tunica media
Aneurism risk!!!!
Atherosclerosis is accelerated by
Hemodynamic stress, MC at branch points or other turbulent flow areas
Also by hyperlipidemia=increase of bad fats decreas of good fats
A ruptured plaque result in a
Thromboembolism
Peripheral vascular disease can result in
Gangrene
Who is most at risk for atherosclerosis
Males ages 40-60
Most important risk factor is family history
Heart attack risks increase from
Hyperlipidemia, HTN, smoking, inflammation
What is metabolic syndrome
Central obesity, HTN, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia
Any 3/5
Risk for cardiovascular disease and Type II diabetes
PRO INFLAMMATORY
What most be true for a true aneurysm
All 3 layers of the vessel wall are dilated
False- isolated defect, produces hematoma
