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Systems Path Exam 2 > Ch.9 Metabolic syndrome > Flashcards

Ch.9 Metabolic syndrome Flashcards

1
Q

Narrowing or obstruction of lumen

A

Atherosclerosis- gradual

Thromboembolism- rapid

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2
Q

Wearing of the vessel wall is

A

Dilation= aneurysm

Rupture= dissection

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3
Q

What is a arteriosclerosis

A

Hardening of the arteries generic term

Atherosclerosis- hardening of arteries, atheroma

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4
Q

Whats an aneurysm

A

Localized dilation of an arterial wall

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5
Q

A dissection is

A

Passage of blood through layers of wall

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6
Q

Whats a thrombus

A

Blood clot in a vessel

DVT= occurs in leg, thigh, pelvis

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7
Q

Whats a varicosity

A

Localized dilation of a vein

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8
Q

What is the site for edema and WBC diapedesis

A

Post capillary venules

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9
Q

What provides vascular resistance

A

Arterioles

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10
Q

Veins have a ____ lumen and ______ walls

A

Large, thin

Prone to dilation, compression, and invasion

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11
Q

Lymphatic vessels are ______ walled and lined by ___________.

A

Thin, endothelia

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12
Q

What are the functions of endothelial cells

A

Regulates clot formation
Vasoreactivity (nitric oxide, endothelin)
Regulates cell growth-smooth muscle cell

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13
Q

What is endothelial activation?

A

Pro inflammatory

Ex. Atherosclerosis
Hypertension
Diabetes
Thrombosis

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14
Q

What is a berry aneurysm

A

Dilation of cerebral vessels’

If ruptures is a subarachnoid hemorrhage

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15
Q

What is arteriovenous fistula

A

A larger artery inappropriate connects to a vein, bypasses capillaries

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16
Q

Fibomuscular dysplasia is

A

Local thickening of medium/large artery walls- Ischemia results

IS NOT INFLAMMATORY

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17
Q

Who is at risk for Fibromuscular dysplasia

A

Young Adult females

MC

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18
Q

What is hypotension

A

Less than 90/60 decreased perfusion and dysfunction

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19
Q

Hypertension is considered

A

Higher 140/90

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20
Q

What provides nutrients to the intima and inner 1/2 of media

A

Diffusion from lumen

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21
Q

What provides nutrition to the outer 1/2 of media and adventitia

A

Vasa vasorum

22
Q

What is tunica media is enlarged in what vessels

A

Large arteries

Small inside of veins= aka floppy

23
Q

What anomalies are rarely symptomatic

A

Berry Aneurysm

Arteriovenous Fistula (AV)

Fibromuscular Dysplasia- can cause renovascular hypertension

24
Q

What two things regulate Blood pressure

A

Cardiac output (HR+stroke volume)

Peripheral vascular resistance

25
Q

When does the renin angiotensin system kick into gear?

A

When BP decreases

Increases sodium resorption which increases blood volume

Vasoconstriction

26
Q

What does ANP release in relationship too

A

Increased BP from a stretched heart

  1. Reduces sodium resorption (diuresis)
  2. Vasodilation
27
Q

Look at slide 17

A

Ya buddy

28
Q

Without treatment of Hypertension results in

A

50% die from ishemic heart disease

  1. Heart atttack
  2. Congestive heart failure

Another 1/3 will die from stroke

29
Q

How many U.S. adults have hypertension

A

25% silent killer

30
Q

What are the organs most susepctible to hypertension

A

Heart kidneys, brain,eyes

31
Q

True or False

95% of hypertension cases are “essential”

A

True

32
Q

What makes it malignant hypertension

A

180/120 or higher

Lethal within 1-2 years, retinal hemorrhage

Renal failure, stroke

33
Q

Who is at a high risk for Hypertension

A

African Americans

Age,stress,obsety stroke genetics

34
Q

True or False

Injury to tunica intima is irreversible?

A

True

Causes vessel stenosis resulting in tissue ischemia

35
Q

WHich type of arteriosclerosis is more severe?

A

Hyperplastic

Onion skin appearance

Possible kidney failure

36
Q

What arteriosclerosis is chronic

A

Hyaline

Increased ECM

Lower lever hypertension

37
Q

Arterioloclerosis is damage to

A

Small arteries, from chronic HTN or diabetes

38
Q

What type of arteriosclerosis is not clinically significant

A

Monckeberg medial sclerosis

Ca deposits on media

39
Q

Atherosclerosis is

A

Clinically significant, MC of all three atheromas

Mc affect heart,brain,kidney, intestines

40
Q

99% of arteriosclerosis is

A

1 cause of death in US

Atherosclerosis

41
Q

Who’s at risk for monckeber medial Sclerosis

A

Affects elderly

42
Q

Atherosclerosis release marcrophages and lipids from what kind of cells

A

Foam cells

Ca of vessel wall

MC in heart attack

43
Q

What layer is weakened making vessels prone to dialtaion

A

Tunica media

Aneurism risk!!!!

44
Q

Atherosclerosis is accelerated by

A

Hemodynamic stress, MC at branch points or other turbulent flow areas

Also by hyperlipidemia=increase of bad fats decreas of good fats

45
Q

A ruptured plaque result in a

A

Thromboembolism

46
Q

Peripheral vascular disease can result in

A

Gangrene

47
Q

Who is most at risk for atherosclerosis

A

Males ages 40-60

Most important risk factor is family history

48
Q

Heart attack risks increase from

A

Hyperlipidemia, HTN, smoking, inflammation

49
Q

What is metabolic syndrome

A

Central obesity, HTN, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia

Any 3/5

Risk for cardiovascular disease and Type II diabetes

PRO INFLAMMATORY

50
Q

What most be true for a true aneurysm

A

All 3 layers of the vessel wall are dilated

False- isolated defect, produces hematoma

Systems Path Exam 2 (6 decks)

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