EXAM 2 - Antibiotics Hormones Flashcards
In what year was the Population Bomb by Paul Ehrlich?
1968
What foretold billions of deaths from starvation and the collapse of civilization?
the population bomb
What is the population growth equation?
birth rate +/- death rate
The population bomb led to a substantial ____ in the world death rate.
increase
Why does the population top out at 9 billion and then start to decline?
due to culture; with increased affluence and wealth birth rate drops
What was the development and spread of technology, plant varieties and agricultural practices between 1940-1960s?
Green Revolution
Who is attributed for beginning of the Green Revolution?
Norman Bourlag
Who was an American scientists that developed Mexico-disease resistant high yield wheat & was awarded the Nobel Peach Prize?
Norman Bourlag
Why did Norman Bourlag get the Nobel Peace Prize?
he saved over a billion lives from starvation (Central America, India & Pakistan) & for PREVENTING WAR
Green revolution focus on high ____, high ___ varieties that respond to what? (reduction in varieties
yield; nutrient; fertilizers
Did the GR increase/decrease use of irrigation to change where plants could be grown?
increase
During the GR, world population continued to grow without an _____ in the death rate.
increase
What did the success of scientific advances put increased emphasis and resources ($$$) into during the GR?
combining agriculture with cutting edge science to feed the world (cooperative extension in the US)
definition: a medicine (penicillin) that inhibits the growth of or destroys bacteria
antibiotics
Do antibiotics destroy viruses?
no
Are bacteria bad?
no, they can be neutral, beneficial, or pathogenic; need bacteria in our gut to live
Are bacteria in places that are clean?
YES; bacteria are ubiquitous in the environment; they are in dirty, clean, and disinfected environments
Where are bacteria not found?
sterile environments
Why do canned goods not rot or spoil?
pressure cooked (everything killed in can), sealed from outside world; have no spoilage bacteria
Are antibiotics long-lasting?
-no they metabolize & become ineffective pretty quickly
Can antibiotics given to animals migrate to animal’s muscles to be in the meat humans eat?
no
Most antibiotics have a half life of about ____ hours so they are gone or close to it in 4-5 days. A few antibiotics have very long half lives, but these are only prescribed in special cases (hospitalized patients).
24
How are antibiotics used therapeutically in livestock production?
-higher doses, shorter periods
-used to treat specific diseases
How are antibiotics used subtherapeuticably in livestock production?
-lower doses, longer periods
-used to prevent infections, limit subclinical infections, improve growth rates
-increases growth rate because everyone in flock feels better
