Exam 2 Angiosperms

Question 0

Beetle, bats

Answer 0

Strong or putrid odor in flowers

Question 1

Bird pollinated flowers

Answer 1

Little odor, bright colors, abundant nectar.

Eg. Hibiscus, birds of paradise, bromelia are pollinated by hummingbirds

Question 2

Wind pollinated flowers

Answer 2

No nectar, dull colors, and odorless. They produce more pollen.
Eg. Grasses walnuts oak

Question 3

Outcrossing

Answer 3

Transfer of pollen to a different plant.
Dioecious plants: willow, marijuana
Monoecious: pine, corn

Question 4

Seeds with large endosperm

Answer 4

Wheat, rice, barley

Question 5

Seeds with Food reserves stored in cotyledons

Answer 5

Peas, peanuts, sunflower, soy beans

Question 6

Mature seed water content

Answer 6

5-20% water content

Question 7

Germination req.

Answer 7

Water, adequate temp., oxygen

Question 8

Suckers

Answer 8

The roots can produce buds that can form new plants (aspens, willows)

Question 9

Adventitious plantlet; asexual reproduction

Answer 9

Maternity plant (kalanchoe)

Question 10

Asexual reproduction; apomixis

Answer 10

Seed produces embryo without fertilization

Eg. Citrus, dandelions

Question 11

Indeterminate growth

Answer 11

Plant keeps growing all it’s life because meristematic cells divide in the apical meristem

Question 12

RAM and SAM produce 3 primary or derivative meristems:

Answer 12

Protoderm, ground meristem, and pro cambium

Question 13

Lateral meristems (secondary growth) develop from:

Answer 13

Procambium and ground tissue

Question 14

Periderm

Answer 14

Produced by cork cambium (developed by secondary phloem) and it is the dermal tissue of plants with secondary growth. Consists of dead cells impermeable to air and water

Question 15

Lenticels

Answer 15

Openings in the periderm allow air to enter the stem

Question 16

Bark

Answer 16

All tissues outside the vascular cambium

Question 17

Origin of flowers

Answer 17

Shoot apical meristem. Turn into ‘floral meristems’ which produce flowers

Question 18

Plant tissues (each organ) :

Answer 18

Dermal tissue
Ground tissue
Vascular tissue

Question 19

Epidermal cells

Answer 19

Tightly connected to each other. Outer wall covered by cuticle that reduces transpiration

Question 20

Guard cells

Answer 20

Surround stomatal pores (where gas exchange takes place).

Control opening of stomata

Question 21

Trichomes

Answer 21

Outgrowths of epidermis.
-reflects light, reduce transpiration, defense
E.g. Physical barrier to herbivores (cotton)
Chemical deterrent (mint)

Question 22

Root epidermis

Answer 22

Lacks stomata and cuticle is thin or absent.

Root hairs that absorb water and minerals

Question 23

Ground tissues

Answer 23

Parenchyma
Chollenchyma
Sclerenchyma

Question 24

Parenchyma

Answer 24

Live within thin cell walls, large vacuoles. Functions:

Basic metabolic processes such as respiration, photosynthesis, storage

Question 25

Chollenchyma

Answer 25

Uneven and thick primary walls

Function: support of growing parts of the plants

Question 26

Sclerenchyma

Answer 26

Cells dead at maturity with thick lignified secondary walls.
Fibers: long and thin cells, support non-growing parts of the shoot
E.g. Flax-linen, hemp, ramie

Sclereids: short with irregular shape. They provide protection against herbivores (walnut shell, stone cells of pear)

Question 27

Vascular tissues

Complex tissues with parenchyma cells, fibers and conducting cells

Answer 27

Xylem(water) & phloem(organic molecules)

Question 28

Tracheids (in vascular plants)

Answer 28

Dead at maturity with lignified secondary walls. Narrow cells, water moves through pits.

Question 29

Vessels (present in angiosperms)

Answer 29

Dead at maturity with lignified cell walls. Wider and shorter than tracheids.

Question 30

Conducting cells of phloem

Answer 30

Sieve tube members, seive cells

Question 31

Conducting cells of xylem

Answer 31

Tracheids, vessels