Exam 2

Question 0

Hepatitis virus

Answer 0

Attacks liver cells

Question 1

Polio virus

Answer 1

Attacks nerve cells in humans

Question 2

Viruses tend to be specific

Answer 2

Attacks only certain organisms and certain cells within that organism

Question 3

Viruses Derived from

Answer 3

Mobile elements in the genome of organisms

Question 4

components of virus

Answer 4

Nucleic acid: DNA or RNA
(Circular or linear; double or single stranded)
Protein coat (capsid): one or more proteins

Envelope: lipids, proteins, glycoproteins
Coat and envelope proteins bind to host cell receptors

Question 5

Viruses that infect bacteria

Answer 5

Bacteriophage

Question 6

Lysogenic viruses

Answer 6

-Alter characteristics of the bacteria
-Presence of certain chemicals can cause transition from
“Lysogenic cycle” to “lytic cycle”

Question 7

Retrovirus

Answer 7

In retroviruses, ssRNA (single stranded RNA) is a template for DNA synthesis.
Eg. HIV

Question 8

Reverse transcriptase

Answer 8

Converts viral RNA to DNA

Question 9

HIV proteases

Answer 9

Cut poly proteins into functional proteins.

Question 10

Entry inhibitors

Answer 10

Interfere with the binding between HIV envelope and receptors

Question 11

Reverse transcript inhibitors

Answer 11

Treatment against HIV

Question 12

Integrate inhibitors

Answer 12

Prevent integration of viral DNA into the host DNA

Question 13

Protease inhibitors

Answer 13

Block the activity of a protease enzyme that HIV needs to make new viruses

Question 14

HIV hides in

Answer 14

Cells of lymph nodes

Question 15

Processes that contribute to emergence of viral diseases

Answer 15

Mutations
Genetic recombination
E.g. Flu epidemics
& spread of existing virus from one species to another ‘hantavirus ‘

Question 16

Prions

Answer 16

Infectious proteins
E.g. Mad cow disease, scrapie in sheep in goats, creutzfeldt-Jakob in humans

Prion coverts the normal protein into another prion
Transferred by eating meat with prions

Question 17

Phylum Arthropoda classes

Answer 17

Chelicerata, Crustacea, Hexapoda, myriapoda

Question 18

Protostomes include

Answer 18

Spiralia and ecdysozoa

Question 19

Deuterostomes

Answer 19

Echinodermata and Chordata