Exam 2 A&P

Question 1

the 2 parts of the skeleton

Answer 1

appendicular & axial

Question 2

the 2 parts of the skull

Answer 2

cranium and face

Question 3

how many bones in the human body

Answer 3

206

Question 4

5 types of bones

Answer 4

long, short, flat, irregular, round

Question 5

what is the composition of bone

Answer 5

collagen and minerals

Question 6

compare osteoclasts, blasts, and cytes

Answer 6

clasts- digest bone
blasts- make bone
cytes-bone cells

Question 7

describe the periosteum

Answer 7

dense connective tissue sleeve

Question 8

describe the endosteum

Answer 8

dense connective tissue lining of the medullary cavity

Question 9

describe the bone tissue of compact bone

Answer 9

made of osteons

Question 10

compare red and yellow marrow

Answer 10

red-blood cells
yellow- fat

Question 11

5 functions of skeletal system

Answer 11

support, storage, movement, hematopoiesis, protection

Question 12

describe hematopoiesis

Answer 12

process of making BC

Question 13

what material is stored in bone

Answer 13

calcium ions

Question 14

how is calcium released from bone

Answer 14

osteoclasts

Question 15

how is calcium deposited in bone

Answer 15

osteoblasts

Question 16

how is calcium taken in by the body

Answer 16

diet

Question 17

2 major uses for calcium by human body

Answer 17

muscle contraction & nerve cell function

Question 18

describe intramembranous ossification

Answer 18

soft tissue turning to bone

Question 19

describe endochondral ossification

Answer 19

cartilage turning to bone

Question 20

what is the importance of the epiphyseal plate

Answer 20

found in epiphysis & determines amount of growth.

Question 21

what is an articulation in the skeletal system

Answer 21

where bone meets bone

Question 22

3 types of articulation

Answer 22

fibrous, cartilage, synovial

Question 23

what is a synovial joint

Answer 23

joint surrounded by synovial membrane

Question 24

6 synovial joints

Answer 24

ball & socket, hinge, pivot, plane, condylar, saddle

Question 25

describe the parts of the synovial joint capsule in the knee

Answer 25

dense CT

Question 26

what are cranial sutures and how they form

Answer 26

fibrous joints that come from fontanels

Question 27

what is the purpose of fontanels

Answer 27

skull flexibility in child birth

Question 28

type of joint formed from fibrocartilage intervertebral discs and vertebrae

Answer 28

symphysis

Question 29

example of a cartilaginous symphysis joint

Answer 29

pubic symphysis

Question 30

bones of upper limbs

Answer 30

clavicle, scapula, humerus, ulna, radius, carpals, metacarpals, phalanges

Question 31

bones of lower limb

Answer 31

hip bones, femur, patella, tibia, fibula, tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges

Question 32

bones of cranium

Answer 32

frontal, parietal, temporals, occipital

Question 33

type of joint formed between mandible and temporal bones

Answer 33

modified hinge because there is flexion, extension, and a limited some more.

Question 34

bones in the face

Answer 34

maxillary, cheek bones, mandible, zygimatic

Question 35

3 major parts of axial skeleton

Answer 35

skull, vertebral column, rib cage

Question 36

the first 2 vertebrae

Answer 36

atlas & axis

Question 37

type of synovial joint between first 2 vertebrae

Answer 37

a pivot joint that rotates

Question 38

4 functions of the skin

Answer 38

protection, thermoregulation, sensation, makes vit D

Question 39

describe the cells of stratum basale

Answer 39

bottom of epidermis & reproduce

Question 40

describe the cells of stratum spinosum

Answer 40

keratinocytes

Question 41

describe the cells of stratum granulosum

Answer 41

layer of keratinocytes & protein fiber

Question 42

function of keratin

Answer 42

protein fiber

Question 43

what are keratinocytes

Answer 43

cells that make keratin

Question 44

describe the subcutaneous layer

Answer 44

loose CT

Question 45

describe cells of stratum corneum

Answer 45

dead layer that is outside of the skin

Question 46

describe function and location of melanocytes

Answer 46

produce pigment called melanin

Question 47

what determines skin pigment intensity

Answer 47

amount of melanin present- genetic

Question 48

why does tan happen

Answer 48

inc in melanin production after sun exposure

Question 49

describe the dermis layer

Answer 49

bottom layer of CT

Question 50

what determines anemia of skin tone

Answer 50

decrease in RBC

Question 51

functions of free nerve endings, Pacinian corpuscles, and Meissner's corpuscle

Answer 51

pain and touch receptors

Question 52

function of lunula nail

Answer 52

where nail grows fastest

Question 53

compare 3 types of glands in demis

Answer 53

merocrine, apocrine, and sweat glands

Question 54

how does skin make vit D

Answer 54

UV light exposure on skin

Question 55

function of vit D

Answer 55

help absorption of calcium

Question 56

how does skin reduce temperature

Answer 56

sweat

Question 57

how does skin inc temperature

Answer 57

triggers shivering & BV contractions

Question 58

rule of nines in burn injuries

Answer 58

head & neck-9%, anterior thoax-18%, posterior thorax- 18%, arms- 9% ea, legs- 18 ea, perineum- 1 %

Question 59

what is histology

Answer 59

study of tissues

Question 60

4 types of histological tissues

Answer 60

epithelial, connective, nervous, muscle

Question 61

4 functions of epithelial tissue

Answer 61

protection, filtration, absorption, secretion

Question 62

2 ways epithelial tissue are classified

Answer 62

shape & layers

Question 63

basic location of all epithelial tissues

Answer 63

lining

Question 64

2 locations in bdy with simple squamous epithelium

Answer 64

lungs>diffusion BV>diffusion

Question 65

2 locations in body where you find cuboidal epithelium & functions

Answer 65

glands>secretion kidneys>absorption

Question 66

2 locations in bdy to find cuboidal epithelium

Answer 66

stomach>absorption intestines>absorption

Question 67

composition, location, and function of serous mucous and cutaneous membranes

Answer 67

serous memb- simple squamous, serous fluid, a covering mucous-simple columnar, lining organ, protection cutaneous- skin, stratified squamous, protection

Question 68

tissues of CT proper

Answer 68

loose & dense

Question 69

3 specialized connective tissues

Answer 69

blood, cartilage, bone

Question 70

4 funcions of CT

Answer 70

carriers of O2, fight infections, support, movement

Question 71

3 types of CT fibers

Answer 71

reticular, collagen, elastic

Question 72

3 loose CT

Answer 72

areolar, reticular, adipose

Question 73

3 structures in bdy made of dense CT

Answer 73

dermis, ligaments, tendons

Question 74

3 types of dense CT

Answer 74

dense regular, dense irregular, dense elastic

Question 75

what is an extracellular matrix

Answer 75

non-living material in tissue - a secretion

Question 76

describe BC

Answer 76

red blood cells, white BC, platelets

Question 77

extracellular matrix in blood tissue

Answer 77

plasma

Question 78

structural unit in compact bone tissue

Answer 78

osteon

Question 79

what do spaces in spongy bone contain

Answer 79

red bone marrow

Question 80

function of muscle tissue

Answer 80

movement

Question 81

name the types of muscle tissue and 1 location for each

Answer 81

skeletal- attach to bone smooth- inside organs cardiac- heart

Question 82

what are the light and dark striations in striated muscle fibers

Answer 82

light- I band dark- A band

Question 83

function of nervous tissue

Answer 83

communicates

Question 84

major cell in nervous tissue

Answer 84

neuron