A&P

Question 1

Describe parts of the atom

Answer 1

proton, neutron, electron

Question 2

part of the atom key to chemical bonding

Answer 2

electron

Question 3

describe the ionic bond

Answer 3

giving & taking of e-

Question 4

describe covalent bond

Answer 4

sharing of a pair of e-

Question 5

describe H-bond

Answer 5

bond of attraction btwn polar molecules

Question 6

what is pH scale

Answer 6

0-14

Question 7

what is an acid solution

Answer 7

pH less than 7

Question 8

what is an alkaline solution

Answer 8

pH greater than 7

Question 9

normal pH in human body

Answer 9

7.4

Question 10

4 groups of biochemical compounds

Answer 10

carbs, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids

Question 11

4 major organic compound groups

Answer 11

carbs, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids

Question 12

function of carbs

Answer 12

energy- store & source

Question 13

name 3 different monosaccharides
make fucking guys good

Answer 13

fructose, galactose, glucose

Question 14

3 different disaccharides
do my legs sag

Answer 14

maltose, lactose, sucrose

Question 15

3 different polysaccharides
please stop giving come

Answer 15

starch, glycogen, cellulose,

Question 16

function of lipids

Answer 16

store energy, make membranes

Question 17

function of proteins

Answer 17

fights disease, makes up bones, digest food

Question 18

why is protein structure so important to function

Answer 18

shape of protein tells what it does-conformation

Question 19

part of every protein

Answer 19

amino acids

Question 20

2 types of information molecules

Answer 20

DNA & RNA

Question 21

units of nucleic acids

Answer 21

nucleotides

Question 22

letters of 4 different nucleotides that make up DNA

Answer 22

ACTG

Question 23

importance of nucleotides in ATP

Answer 23

energy currency

Question 24

compare polar and nonpolar molecules

Answer 24

polar=have charges
nonpolar=no charge

Question 25

what is cell nucleus

Answer 25

control center

Question 26

what is chromatin

Answer 26

genetic material

Question 27

function of nucleolus

Answer 27

makes ribosomes

Question 28

what is made when a gene is expressed

Answer 28

protein

Question 29

where do ribosomes form and what is important about their function

Answer 29

found in nucleolus and are site of protein synthesis

Question 30

tube like structures found in the cytoplasm

Answer 30

ER

Question 31

what forms in the tubes if they are rough

Answer 31

protein

Question 32

what forms in smooth ER

Answer 32

lipids

Question 33

vesicles pinch off ER and end up at what organelle

Answer 33

Golgi

Question 34

compare secretory vesicles

Answer 34

form at the Golgi

Question 35

describe cell membrane and structure

Answer 35

a phospholipid bilayer and embedded proteins

Question 36

describe 3 major functions of the cell membrane proteins

Answer 36

transporter, receptor, marker

Question 37

process of material moving across membrane from high to low concentration

Answer 37

diffusion

Question 38

when cell moves material from low>high concentration

Answer 38

active transport

Question 39

compare facilitated and simple diffusion

Answer 39

facilitated uses proteins, simple does not

Question 40

example of active transport

Answer 40

proton pump

Question 41

function of mitochondria

Answer 41

makes ATP

Question 42

cell uses what as source of energy during anabolism or to actively transport molecules

Answer 42

metabolism- ATP

Question 43

describe 3 types of fibers that make up cytoskeleton

Answer 43

tubulin, actin, myosin

Question 44

what happens to a cell that is in a hypotonic solution

Answer 44

cell swells

Question 45

what happens to a cell in hypertonic solution

Answer 45

shrinks

Question 46

parts of the cell cycle

Answer 46

interphase, mitosis, cytokinesis,

Question 47

parts of cell cycle referred to as interphase

Answer 47

g1, s, g2

Question 48

what happens in the synthesis phase of interphase

Answer 48

DNA replication

Question 49

what is purpose of mitosis in cell division

Answer 49

copy nucleus

Question 50

phases of mitosis in order please make a testicle

Answer 50

prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

Question 51

how do the daughter cells compare to the original

Answer 51

clones

Question 52

what is g0 phase

Answer 52

no cell cycle

Question 53

how many chromosomes end up in the 2 daughter cells

Answer 53

46

Question 54

chemical that begins cell respiration and

Answer 54

glucose

Question 55

chemical equation that summarizes cell respiration

Answer 55

C6H12O6+6O2 > 6Co2+6H2O

Question 56

chemical formula for glucose

Answer 56

C6H12O6

Question 57

why do cells need cellular respiration

Answer 57

ATP

Question 58

life functions that require ATP

Answer 58

movement

Question 59

how much ATP needed to begin oxidation of glucose

Answer 59

2 ATP

Question 60

glycolysis rxn happen in what part of cell

Answer 60

cytoplasm

Question 61

material at the end of glycolysis

Answer 61

pyruvate

Question 62

what happens to pyruvate if no oxygen is present

Answer 62

reduction

Question 63

what happens to pyruvate if oxygen is present

Answer 63

oxidation

Question 64

what organelle uses oxygen

Answer 64

mitochondria

Question 65

what is ETC

Answer 65

flow of e- through a membrane

Question 66

function of ETC

Answer 66

to pump protons into space

Question 67

where does ETC happen in mitochondria

Answer 67

inner membrane

Question 68

2 energy carriers that provide e- for ETC

Answer 68

NAD & FAD

Question 69

where does energy come from that is carried by the high energy carrier molecules

Answer 69

food

Question 70

what is chemiosmosis

Answer 70

diffusion of protons

Question 71

what is made from first oxidation of pyruvate

Answer 71

acetyl-COA

Question 72

how does oxidation of pyruvate relate to recycling of citric acid

Answer 72

it runs the cycle

Question 73

oxidation of citric acid results in what products

Answer 73

ATP, NADH, FADH