A&P Exam 3

Question 1

what is fascia

Answer 1

CT

Question 2

what part of a muscle is covered by endomysium

Answer 2

muscle fiber

Question 3

what part of muscle organ is the muscle fiber

Answer 3

muscle cell

Question 4

4 functions of muscular system

Answer 4

movement, support, heat production, protection

Question 5

compare isotonic and isometric contractions

Answer 5

isotonic- muscle contraction w movement
Isometric- muscle contraction w/o movement

Question 6

what organ system controls the muscles of the body

Answer 6

nervous system

Question 7

what structure is associated with the sarcolemma and muscle contractions

Answer 7

Axon

Question 8

what is the function of T-tubules

Answer 8

Depolarize the cell

Question 9

what is the result of an action potential along a muscle fiber

Answer 9

contraction

Question 10

draw and label a sarcomere

Answer 10

two E’s with midlines of myosin and actin as the E lines

Question 11

contractile unit of a muscle

Answer 11

sarcomere

Question 12

what is necessary to cock a myosin head

Answer 12

ATP

Question 13

what happens when myosin heads and actin connect

Answer 13

contraction

Question 14

what prevents the connection of myosin heads and actin

Answer 14

tropomyosin

Question 15

released from ER of muscle cell to remove tropomyosin blockage?

Answer 15

calcium ions

Question 16

what causes a muscle to relax

Answer 16

ATP

Question 17

what is a motor unit

Answer 17

nerve cell and muscle cells its attached to

Question 18

function of neurotransmitter, acetycholine

Answer 18

a bridge

Question 19

role acetylcholinesterase has in muscle relaxation

Answer 19

break down acetylcholine

Question 20

function of creatine phosphate

Answer 20

stores ATP

Question 21

function of hemoglobin

Answer 21

makes up RBC- carries O2

Question 22

what controls function of hemoglobin

Answer 22

pH

Question 23

relate myoglobin and hemoglobin

Answer 23

myoglobin-stores O2
hemoglobin- carries O2

Question 24

what muscles are rich in myoglobin

Answer 24

long lasting muscles

Question 25

result of inc lactic acid, loss of ATP, loss of creatine and low O2

Answer 25

muscle fatigue

Question 26

how does repeated exercise overcome inc lactic acid build up

Answer 26

inc blood supply to muscles

Question 27

what would cause muscle fatigue followed by cramping

Answer 27

water- dehydration

Question 28

compare a muscle twitch to muscle tetany

Answer 28

twitch- short quick contraction tetany- long sustained contractions

Question 29

compare fast twitch and slow twitch muscle fibers

Answer 29

fast- short, quick contraction slow- long, aerobics

Question 30

when most muscles are a combination of slow and fast twitch muscles it means

Answer 30

genetics

Question 31

muscles of the body that would have a small number of muscle fibers per motor unit

Answer 31

small

Question 32

muscle that might have a large number of fibers per motor unit

Answer 32

large

Question 33

2 parts of nervous system

Answer 33

PNS & CNS

Question 34

parts of the peripheral nervous system

Answer 34

nerves & ganglia

Question 35

describe neuron

Answer 35

nerve cell w/ dendrites, soma, and axon

Question 36

4 different neuroglia cells

Answer 36

Schwann, astrocyte, microglia, oligodendrocyte

Question 37

3 types of neurons according to structure and function

Answer 37

sensory, inter, motor

Question 38

describe myelin sheath of peripheral neurons

Answer 38

myelin speeds up Schwann cells

Question 39

2 ions that are necessary for nerve impulses to move through system

Answer 39

sodium & potassium

Question 40

how does resting potential form

Answer 40

sodium pot pump

Question 41

how much is resting potential

Answer 41

-70 MV

Question 42

2 steps in forming a nerve impulse

Answer 42

depolarization and repolarization

Question 43

threshold potential in order to activate the nerve impulse

Answer 43

-55 MV

Question 44

cause of depolarization

Answer 44

sodium channels open

Question 45

describe repolarization of the axon

Answer 45

potassium channels open

Question 46

compare ligand channels and voltage channels

Answer 46

ligand- a chemical voltage- depolarization

Question 47

what is a synapse between neurons

Answer 47

a connection

Question 48

what is a presynaptic neuron

Answer 48

before connection

Question 49

what is postsynaptic neuron

Answer 49

after connection

Question 50

function of a neurotransmitter

Answer 50

connects

Question 51

explain the steps in how a nerve impulse can cross a synapse

Answer 51

diffusion of calcium causes secretion of acetyl COA

Question 52

2 types of neurotransmitters according to how they convey an impulse

Answer 52

excitatory and inhibitory

Question 53

what is a reflex

Answer 53

response w/o thinking

Question 54

the paired nerves of the peripheral nervous system

Answer 54

spinal & cranial nerves

Question 55

how many spinal neve pairs

Answer 55

31

Question 56

how many cranial nerve pairs

Answer 56

12

Question 57

what is a nerve

Answer 57

bundle of axons