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A&P1 & Dosage > A&P Exam 3 > Flashcards

A&P Exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

what is fascia

A

CT

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2
Q

what part of a muscle is covered by endomysium

A

muscle fiber

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3
Q

what part of muscle organ is the muscle fiber

A

muscle cell

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4
Q

4 functions of muscular system

A

movement, support, heat production, protection

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5
Q

compare isotonic and isometric contractions

A

isotonic- muscle contraction w movement
Isometric- muscle contraction w/o movement

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6
Q

what organ system controls the muscles of the body

A

nervous system

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7
Q

what structure is associated with the sarcolemma and muscle contractions

A

Axon

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8
Q

what is the function of T-tubules

A

Depolarize the cell

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9
Q

what is the result of an action potential along a muscle fiber

A

contraction

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10
Q

draw and label a sarcomere

A

two E’s with midlines of myosin and actin as the E lines

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11
Q

contractile unit of a muscle

A

sarcomere

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12
Q

what is necessary to cock a myosin head

A

ATP

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13
Q

what happens when myosin heads and actin connect

A

contraction

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14
Q

what prevents the connection of myosin heads and actin

A

tropomyosin

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15
Q

released from ER of muscle cell to remove tropomyosin blockage?

A

calcium ions

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16
Q

what causes a muscle to relax

A

ATP

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17
Q

what is a motor unit

A

nerve cell and muscle cells its attached to

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18
Q

function of neurotransmitter, acetycholine

A

a bridge

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19
Q

role acetylcholinesterase has in muscle relaxation

A

break down acetylcholine

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20
Q

function of creatine phosphate

A

stores ATP

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21
Q

function of hemoglobin

A

makes up RBC- carries O2

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22
Q

what controls function of hemoglobin

A

pH

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23
Q

relate myoglobin and hemoglobin

A

myoglobin-stores O2
hemoglobin- carries O2

24
Q

what muscles are rich in myoglobin

A

long lasting muscles

25
Q

result of inc lactic acid, loss of ATP, loss of creatine and low O2

A

muscle fatigue

26
Q

how does repeated exercise overcome inc lactic acid build up

A

inc blood supply to muscles

27
Q

what would cause muscle fatigue followed by cramping

A

water- dehydration

28
Q

compare a muscle twitch to muscle tetany

A

twitch- short quick contraction
tetany- long sustained contractions

29
Q

compare fast twitch and slow twitch muscle fibers

A

fast- short, quick contraction
slow- long, aerobics

30
Q

when most muscles are a combination of slow and fast twitch muscles it means

A

genetics

31
Q

muscles of the body that would have a small number of muscle fibers per motor unit

A

small

32
Q

muscle that might have a large number of fibers per motor unit

A

large

33
Q

2 parts of nervous system

A

PNS & CNS

34
Q

parts of the peripheral nervous system

A

nerves & ganglia

35
Q

describe neuron

A

nerve cell w/ dendrites, soma, and axon

36
Q

4 different neuroglia cells

A

Schwann, astrocyte, microglia, oligodendrocyte

37
Q

3 types of neurons according to structure and function

A

sensory, inter, motor

38
Q

describe myelin sheath of peripheral neurons

A

myelin speeds up Schwann cells

39
Q

2 ions that are necessary for nerve impulses to move through system

A

sodium & potassium

40
Q

how does resting potential form

A

sodium pot pump

41
Q

how much is resting potential

A

-70 MV

42
Q

2 steps in forming a nerve impulse

A

depolarization and repolarization

43
Q

threshold potential in order to activate the nerve impulse

A

-55 MV

44
Q

cause of depolarization

A

sodium channels open

45
Q

describe repolarization of the axon

A

potassium channels open

46
Q

compare ligand channels and voltage channels

A

ligand- a chemical
voltage- depolarization

47
Q

what is a synapse between neurons

A

a connection

48
Q

what is a presynaptic neuron

A

before connection

49
Q

what is postsynaptic neuron

A

after connection

50
Q

function of a neurotransmitter

A

connects

51
Q

explain the steps in how a nerve impulse can cross a synapse

A

diffusion of calcium causes secretion of acetyl COA

52
Q

2 types of neurotransmitters according to how they convey an impulse

A

excitatory and inhibitory

53
Q

what is a reflex

A

response w/o thinking

54
Q

the paired nerves of the peripheral nervous system

A

spinal & cranial nerves

55
Q

how many spinal neve pairs

A

31

56
Q

how many cranial nerve pairs

A

12

57
Q

what is a nerve

A

bundle of axons

A&P1 & Dosage (4 decks)

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