Exam 2 Flashcards
What two bony landmarks are good to know when listening to heart and lung sounds with a stethoscope?
sternal angle and 2nd rib interspace
If you are palpating the inferior angle of the scapula, which rib do you know is just below the scapula?
Rib 8
Which spinal segment is attached to the first rib and which spinal segment is attached to the 12th (last) rib
first rib: T1
last rib: T12
What is another term for the sternal angle?
Angle of louis
The trachea is a ____ shape
tube
True or false:
Chest pain is not always a concern
False: it is always a concern
What is pneumothorax or hemothorax
It is when the space between the parietal pleura and visceral pleural (pleural cavity) either fills up with air or blood
What does GERD stand for and what causes it
GERD stands for gastroesophageal reflux disease and it is when stomach acid coming up into the esophagus
Can pain in the chest be referred pain?
yes
What are the 9 possible causes for chest pain
angina pleurisy pneumo/hemothorax bronchitis pneumonia costochondritis rib fracture/rib separation GERD Referred from other structures
Chest pain can be referred from what two structures
gall bladder and stomach
The (visceral/parietal) pleura is the membrane that covers the lungs
visceral
The (visceral/parietal) pleura is the membrane that covers the chest cavity
parietal
What is pleural effusion
It is when fluid accumulates in the pleural cavity and the lung gets smaller and smaller due to the increase of fluid
What is dyspnea
shortness of breath
_____ is nonpainful, increased depth and frequency of breathing and not associated with exertion
dyspnea
_____ is high pitched breathing indicating partial airway obstruction
wheezing
wheezing is a high pitched breathing indicating partial ______ obstruction
airway
Dyspnea is nonpainful, increased depth and frequency of breathing and is not associated with _____.
exertion
A _____ is a reflexive, forceful expiration
cough
A cough is a reflexive, forceful ______
expiration
What are examples of what can stimulate a cough
fluids, solids, inflammation, congestive heart failure
In regards to coughing, we want to be mindful of sputum. What is sputum?
Color, smell, consistency characteristics
What is the term used to describe coughing up blood
hemoptysis
What is hemoptysis
coughing up blood
What is the normal respiratory rate
12-20/min
What must the respiratory rate be to be considered bradypnea
less than 12
What must the respiratory rate be to be considered hyperpnea/hyperventilation
greater than 20
______ respiratory rate may indicate drug induced respiratory depression
bradypnea
_____ respiratory rate is normal with exercise or may indicate hypoxia
hyperpnea/hyperventilation
_____ respiratory rate is normal in kids and the elderly or it may indicate brain injury, drug OD, or heart failure
Cheyne-stokes breathing
ataxic breathing occurs when there is a ____ injury
brain
During the physical examination, what two things should we inspect
chest symmetry and deformity
During the physical examination, what three things should we palpate
tenderness, chest expansion, and fremitus
During the physical examination, what two things should we auscultate
breath sounds and voice sounds
How do we assess lung expansion
put both hands on the back of someone’s back and watch how your hands move at the patients inspires and expires
If you are percussing a patient’s back and you hear a hollow sound, you suspect that the area is filled with ____
air
If you are percussing a a patient’s back and you hear a dull sound, you suspect that the area is filled with _____
fluids/solid
_____ breath sounds are soft and low pitch sounds heard over main lung fields
vesicular
What is the ratio of vesicular breath sounds
3:1 inspirations to expiration sound
Is vesicular breath sounds normal or abnormal
normal
Is bronchial breath sounds normal or abnormal
normal
_____ breath sounds are loud, harsh, and higher pitch sounds heard over the bronchi
bronchial
Which type of breathing is heard in midline from ribs 2-4
bronchial breath sounds
_____ sounds are added sounds or superimposed sounds
adventitious
What are the four types of adventitious breath sounds
discontinuous, continuous, stridor, pleural rub
______ sounds are crackles
discontinuous
____ sounds are wheezes and rhonchi
continuous
_____ sounds like dots in time, velcro, crushed dry leaves, or fluid in the lungs
crackles
_____ sounds like high pitch, musical, and can be from asthma
wheezes
____ sounds are low pitch, musical, snore-like and can be from secretions in large airways and will often disappear with cough
rhonchi
_____ sounds are continuous, high pitch, and heard best over the neck due to airway edema. This is a urgent situation
stridor
____ ____ sounds are grating sounds like leather rubbing over leather or a hand over a wet balloon
pleural rub
What type of transmitted voice sounds are normal if a patient say eeee and you either hear eeee or aaaa
egophony
What are normal egophony voice sounds
eeeee
what are abnormal egophony voice sounds
aaaaa with a nasal quality
What is a normal bronchophony voice sounds
vague 99 sounds
what is an abnormal bronchophony voice sounds
distinguishable 99 sound
What is a normal whispered pectoriloquy sound
faint or not heard 99 sound
What is an abnormal whispered pectoriloquy sound
whispered 99 voice that is heard
