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Physical Assessment > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

(60 cards)

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1
Q

What two bony landmarks are good to know when listening to heart and lung sounds with a stethoscope?

A

sternal angle and 2nd rib interspace

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2
Q

If you are palpating the inferior angle of the scapula, which rib do you know is just below the scapula?

A

Rib 8

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3
Q

Which spinal segment is attached to the first rib and which spinal segment is attached to the 12th (last) rib

A

first rib: T1

last rib: T12

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4
Q

What is another term for the sternal angle?

A

Angle of louis

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5
Q

The trachea is a ____ shape

A

tube

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6
Q

True or false:

Chest pain is not always a concern

A

False: it is always a concern

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7
Q

What is pneumothorax or hemothorax

A

It is when the space between the parietal pleura and visceral pleural (pleural cavity) either fills up with air or blood

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8
Q

What does GERD stand for and what causes it

A

GERD stands for gastroesophageal reflux disease and it is when stomach acid coming up into the esophagus

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9
Q

Can pain in the chest be referred pain?

A

yes

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10
Q

What are the 9 possible causes for chest pain

A 
angina
pleurisy 
pneumo/hemothorax
bronchitis
pneumonia
costochondritis 
rib fracture/rib separation
GERD
Referred from other structures
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11
Q

Chest pain can be referred from what two structures

A

gall bladder and stomach

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12
Q

The (visceral/parietal) pleura is the membrane that covers the lungs

A

visceral

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13
Q

The (visceral/parietal) pleura is the membrane that covers the chest cavity

A

parietal

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14
Q

What is pleural effusion

A

It is when fluid accumulates in the pleural cavity and the lung gets smaller and smaller due to the increase of fluid

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15
Q

What is dyspnea

A

shortness of breath

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16
Q

_____ is nonpainful, increased depth and frequency of breathing and not associated with exertion

A

dyspnea

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17
Q

_____ is high pitched breathing indicating partial airway obstruction

A

wheezing

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18
Q

wheezing is a high pitched breathing indicating partial ______ obstruction

A

airway

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19
Q

Dyspnea is nonpainful, increased depth and frequency of breathing and is not associated with _____.

A

exertion

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20
Q

A _____ is a reflexive, forceful expiration

A

cough

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21
Q

A cough is a reflexive, forceful ______

A

expiration

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22
Q

What are examples of what can stimulate a cough

A

fluids, solids, inflammation, congestive heart failure

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23
Q

In regards to coughing, we want to be mindful of sputum. What is sputum?

A

Color, smell, consistency characteristics

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24
Q

What is the term used to describe coughing up blood

A

hemoptysis

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25
What is hemoptysis
coughing up blood
26
What is the normal respiratory rate
12-20/min
27
What must the respiratory rate be to be considered bradypnea
less than 12
28
What must the respiratory rate be to be considered hyperpnea/hyperventilation
greater than 20
29
______ respiratory rate may indicate drug induced respiratory depression
bradypnea
30
_____ respiratory rate is normal with exercise or may indicate hypoxia
hyperpnea/hyperventilation
31
_____ respiratory rate is normal in kids and the elderly or it may indicate brain injury, drug OD, or heart failure
Cheyne-stokes breathing
32
ataxic breathing occurs when there is a ____ injury
brain
33
During the physical examination, what two things should we inspect
chest symmetry and deformity
34
During the physical examination, what three things should we palpate
tenderness, chest expansion, and fremitus
35
During the physical examination, what two things should we auscultate
breath sounds and voice sounds
36
How do we assess lung expansion
put both hands on the back of someone's back and watch how your hands move at the patients inspires and expires
37
If you are percussing a patient's back and you hear a hollow sound, you suspect that the area is filled with ____
air
38
If you are percussing a a patient's back and you hear a dull sound, you suspect that the area is filled with _____
fluids/solid
39
_____ breath sounds are soft and low pitch sounds heard over main lung fields
vesicular
40
What is the ratio of vesicular breath sounds
3:1 inspirations to expiration sound
41
Is vesicular breath sounds normal or abnormal
normal
42
Is bronchial breath sounds normal or abnormal
normal
43
_____ breath sounds are loud, harsh, and higher pitch sounds heard over the bronchi
bronchial
44
Which type of breathing is heard in midline from ribs 2-4
bronchial breath sounds
45
_____ sounds are added sounds or superimposed sounds
adventitious
46
What are the four types of adventitious breath sounds
discontinuous, continuous, stridor, pleural rub
47
______ sounds are crackles
discontinuous
48
____ sounds are wheezes and rhonchi
continuous
49
_____ sounds like dots in time, velcro, crushed dry leaves, or fluid in the lungs
crackles
50
_____ sounds like high pitch, musical, and can be from asthma
wheezes
51
____ sounds are low pitch, musical, snore-like and can be from secretions in large airways and will often disappear with cough
rhonchi
52
_____ sounds are continuous, high pitch, and heard best over the neck due to airway edema. This is a urgent situation
stridor
53
____ ____ sounds are grating sounds like leather rubbing over leather or a hand over a wet balloon
pleural rub
54
What type of transmitted voice sounds are normal if a patient say eeee and you either hear eeee or aaaa
egophony
55
What are normal egophony voice sounds
eeeee
56
what are abnormal egophony voice sounds
aaaaa with a nasal quality
57
What is a normal bronchophony voice sounds
vague 99 sounds
58
what is an abnormal bronchophony voice sounds
distinguishable 99 sound
59
What is a normal whispered pectoriloquy sound
faint or not heard 99 sound
60
What is an abnormal whispered pectoriloquy sound
whispered 99 voice that is heard

Physical Assessment (8 decks)

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