Exam 1: Labs & Bates Videos Flashcards
(fatigue/weakness) is a relatively non specific symptom with many causes and can be associated with sustained stress, grief, and hard work. It should be seriously addressed if it relates to anemia, thyroid disorder, depression, or cardiac ischemia
fatigue
(fatigue/weakness) denotes a loss of muscle power and understand what areas effect the patient and if there is a loss of sensory or neurological symptoms
weakness
What are the seven attributes of every symptoms
location, quality, quantity, timing, setting, remitting or exacerbating, associated manifestations
What are the questions to ask a patient regarding weight gain?
How is your weight compared to a year ago? Why do you think your weight has changed? What would you like to weight?
What aspects should we be looking for during the general survey
level of consciousness, skin, facial expression, odors, and BMI
What type of odors should we notice during the general survey
fruity smell that occurs in diabetes or alcohol
If the BMI is greater than 35, where should be measure be done at?
Measure the patient’s waist circumference just above the hips
What are concerning measurements of circumference for BMI for males and females
Males = greater than 40inches Female = greater than 35 inches
If a patient’s BMI is lower than _____, investigate anorexia, bulimia, and other medical conditions
18.5
How should you properly size a BP cuff?
The width of the bladder should be 40% of upper arm circumference (12-14cm) The length of the bladder should be 80% of upper arm circumference
How to estimate how high to raise the BP cuff pressure
First estimate systolic pressure by palpating the radial artery. Inflate the cuff until the pulse disappears, then add 30mmHg to it
What are you listening for during measurement of BP
The K sounds. Listen for the first two beats on the arm until they go away or sound muffled
How do you assess orthostatic hypotension
A drop is systolic blood pressure of 20 millimeters or greater, or in a diastolic blood pressure of 10 millimeters or greater within 3 minutes of standing
What are the two ways to assess respiratory rate
- visual inspection 2. Listening over the trachea with a stethoscope
What is a normal respiratory rate
20 bpm
What is a normal body temperature of a person
37 degrees C 98.6 degrees F
What are the four types of skin pigements
melanin, carotene, oxyhemoglobin and deoxyhemoglobin
which skin pigment is brownish and is genetically determined and can be increased by the sun
melanin
Which skin pigment is golden yellow found in subcutaneous fat and heavily keratinized areas
Carotene
Which skin pigment is bright red and found in arteries and proximal capillaries
oxyhemoglobin
Which skin pigment is darker and bluer found in the distal capillaries and veins
deoxyhemoglobin
Which part of the nail is attached to the nail bed and gets its pick color from the bed
the nail plate
What is the whitish moon on the nail called
lunula
Which part of the nail covers 1/4 of the nail plate`
nail root
Which part of the nail extends from proximal nail fold and acts as a seal from external mositure
cuticle
When does clubbing of the nails occur
when the nail plate is greater than 180 degrees and is convex
What is name of the yellowish tint in sclera that indicated liver damage
jaundice
How to assess skin mobility
pinch and grab a skin fold to how well it brings up
How to assess skin turgor
After pinch and grabbing skin upward, not the speed to which the skin returns back to place
Describe a macule lesion
flat on the skin
Describe a vesicle lesion
palpable and fluid filled like herpes
Describe a papule lesion
raised like in psoriasis
How to examine nevi
look for pigmented lesions and apply the ABCDj(E) rule
What do we do when we asses the skin of the face
Inspect and palpate for temperatur
What do we do when we asses the skin of the neck
inspect and palpate lymph nodes
What do we do when we assess the skin of the arms
inspect the skin and check for skin mobility and turgor
What do we do when we assess the skin of the hands/nails
Inspect nails and check for capillary refill
Where are the preauricular lymph nodes found
in front of the ears
Where are the posterior auricular lymph nodes found
behind the ears
Where are the occipital lymph nodes found
at the base of the skull posteriorly
Where are the tonsillar lymph nodes found
at angle of jaw
Where are the submandibular lymph nodes found
midway between angle of jaw and tip of mandible
Where are the submental lymph nodes found
just behind the chin
Where are the superficial cervical lymph nodes found
superficial to sternomastoid
Where are the posterior cervical lymph nodes found
along anterior edge of trapezius
Where are the deep cervical lymph nodes found
deep to sternomastoid (hook thumb and fingers around either side of muscle)
where are the supraclavicular lymph nodes found
along upper edge of clavicle
Where is the thyroid area found
Just above and either side of sternal notch
Name and describe this type of lesion
Bulla: greater than 1cm with serous fluid
What type of lesion is this
cyst
What type of lesion is this
Fissure
What type of lesion is this
macule
What type of lesion is this
nodule
What type of lesion is this
papule
What type of lesion is this
patch
What type of lesion is this
plaque
What type of lesion is this
plaque
What type of lesion is this
pustule
What type of lesion is this
ulcer
What type of lesion is this
vesicle
What is #1
preauricular
What is #2
post auricular
What is #3
Submental
What is #4
Submandibular
What is #5
Deep cervical
What is #6
Tonsillar
What is #7
Occipital
What is #8
Superficial cervical
What is #9
Posterior cervical
What is #10
Supraclavicular
