Exam 2 Flashcards
What 4 things do you consider for speech?
- speed
- coordination
- trajectory
- dynamic
Overlearned, highly fluent muscle patterns associated with speech production
Engrams
Articulated assume positions that enable fast transitions between sounds
Co- articulation
Muscle movement, contractile force, and jaw movement are minimal for speech given overall capacities
Minimal effort
Multiple feedback channels to repair errors and refine signal
Auditory
Somatosensory feedback
Non speech assessment for lips
Smile, picker, move lips, lip compression
Non speech assessment for tongue
Protrude, elevate, depress, lateralize
Non speech assessment for jaw
Open jaw, clench jaw, lateralize jaw
Non speech assessment for Velum
Velar elevation on “ah”
Non speech assessment for Vocal folds
Cough, sustained “ah”, pitch glides/ range, vocal intensity range
Non speech assessment for respiration
Sustained “ah” duration, breath phrase length (15/20 sec is normal)
Speech assessment for diodochokinetics
- Repeated syllables (alternate motion rate)
- Alternate syllables (sequential motion rate)
- Subjective (regular vs variable rate)
Speech sample
Standardized passages or conversational speech
Dysarthria
Speech sound disorder resulting from neuromuscular weakness
Conditions of dysarthria
- neuromuscular disease
- stroke
- cranial nerve damage
Hypernasality
To much sound resonated in nasal cavity
Hyponasality
Too little sound resonated in nasal cavity
Cause of hypernasality
Cleft palates
Neuromuscular weakness
Bones involved in cleft lip and palate
Maxilla and palatine bone
Palatine lift
A device used to elevate soft palate to more closely approximate the velum closure
How does neuromuscular disease affect velar elevation during speech?
Weakens the muscle of velum which causes nasal cavity resonance to be added to the oral cavity for non nasal sounds. Leads to loss of clarity in speech signal
Obicularis Oris
Maintains oral seal
VII
Risorius
Flattens cheeks and retracts lips at corner
VII
Buccinator
Flattens cheeks and moves food into grinding surface of molars
VII
Levator labii superioris
Pulls mouth up/ elevated upper lip
VII
Zygomatic major
Elevated and retracts angle of mouth/ smiling
VII
Depressor labii inferioris
Pulls mouth down
VII
Mentalis
Elevated lower lip/ pulls lower lip out
Superior longitudinal
Shortens and elevates tip of tongue
XII
Inferior longitudinal
Shortens and depresses tip of tongue
XII
Transverse
Narrows and elongates tongue
XII
Vertical
Flattens tongue
XII
Genioglossus
Protrusion and depression of tongue
XII
Styloglossus
Retracts and elevates tongue
XII
Palatoglossus
Raises tongue base when velum is elevated
X, XII
Masseter
Elevates mandible
V
Temporalis
Elevates mandible; retracts and protrudes mandible
V
Medial pterygold
Elevates mandible; moves mandible, grinds mandible laterally
V
Lateral pterygold
Side to side movement; opens jaw
V
