Exam 1 Flashcards
Applied anatomy
Applies anatomy to diagnosing and treating
Descriptive anatomy
Relates body parts to functional systems
Pathological anatomy
Studies changes in body parts due to disease
Gross anatomy
Studies body parts without a microscope
Microscopic anatomy
Studies body parts with a microscope
Developmental anatomy
Studies growth and development to birth
Frontal plane
Divides body into front and back halves
Sagittal plane
Divides body into right and left halves
Transverse/ horizontal plane
Divides body into upper and lower halves
Anterior or ventral surface
Front of body
Posterior or dorsal surface
Back of body
Medial
Toward the midline
Lateral
Away from midline
Proximal
Towards the “root”
Distal
Away from the “root”
Superior
Towards the head
Inferior
Towards the feet/ ground
Lateral
To the side
Prone
Laying face down
Supine
Laying face up
- Actual movement of air in the conducting respiratory passage
- Air inhalation per unit time
Ventilation
- migration of gas or fluid through a barrier
- oxygen- poor vascular supply is perfumed to six billion capillaries that supply alveoli
Perfusion
-fluid blocks perfusion
Bending gas or liquid into a host gas or liquid
Diffusion
Respiration rate
- Respiration cycle: times repeated per minute
- older: rate goes down
- younger: rate goes up
- 12 to 20 is average
Tidal volume
- How much air moves in and out of lungs in one respiration
- normal breathing
- 6 to 8 liters a min
Inspiratory/ expiratory reserve volume
Air inspired/ expired beyond tidal volume
Air remaining in lungs after max exhalation
Residual volume
- ends up in alveoli
Air that cannot undergo has exchange
Dead space air
-any air not in alveoli
Volume of air that can be exhaled after a max inspiration
Vital capacity
Manometer
Measures force of expiration
Neutral air pressure generated by weight
Atomospheric
Positive pressure in oral cavity
Intraoral
Positive pressure found in vocal cords
Subglottal
Positive pressure within the individual alveolus
Alveolar
Negative pressure between visceral and parietal pleural membranes
Intrapleural
How much does inspiration take up in the normal respiratory cycle vs expiration?
I: 40%
E: 60%
How much does inspiration take up in the respiratory cycle during speech vs expiration?
I: 10%
E:90%
Layers of connective tissues for producing voice from the outside in….
(4)
- epithelial tissue
- superficial lamina propria
- deep lamina propria
- vocal ligament
What is the epithelial tissue and superficial lamina propria function
- mucous membrane for moisture and protection
- soft and flexible- vibrates during voice
What is the deep lamina propria and vocal ligament function
Stiff- helps provide structure and easier movement
Integrity of vocal cords dictates
Pitch, roughness, breathiness
Reinke’s edema
- The junction of covering layers becomes swollen
- voice becomes tougher and more sound
What are the moveable structures of the laryngeal
Thyroid c, arytenoid c, hyoid b
Epithelial tissue found in blood vessels, heart chambers, alveoli
Squamous
Epithelial tissue found in lungs, trachea, nasal cavity
Ciliated
Epithelial tissue found in skin and lining of mouth, pharynx, and esophagus
Stratified
Connective tissue surrounding fat cells and tonsillitis cells
Areolar
Connective tissue that is ligament, tendons, and cartilage (binds structures together)
Fibrous
Muscle tissue that are skeletal muscles, moves bones, and is voluntary
Striated
Muscle tissue that perform visceral functions and is found in intestines, stomach, etc
Smooth
Muscle tissue related to pumping blood in heart
Cardiac
