Exam 2 Flashcards
Purpose of stems, roots, and leaves
Roots absorb water and minerals and transport them to stems
Stems hold plants upright, bear leaves and other structures, and transport fluids between roots and leaves.
What are:
Stolons
Rhizomes
Tubers
Stolons: runners (stems that grow at the soil surface or just below ground)
Rhizomes: “root-like” stems that grow horizontally at the soil surface or in other
Tubers: enlarged structure in some plants used to store nutrients (storage organs)
What are:
Tendrils
Spines
Tendrils: specialized stem, leaf, or petiole with a threadlike shape used for climbing plants.
Spines: modified leaves (cactus)
What is the difference between indeterminate and determinate growth?
Determinate growth has an established end size. They stop growing when fruit sets.
Indeterminate growth plants do not have an end size; they keep growing.
What is the difference between apical meristem and lateral meristem?
Apical meristems give rise to the main stem of a plant. Gives rise to new growth in the tips of the root and shoots.
Lateral meristems are part of secondary growth. They add to the girth of a plant.
What is:
Axillary Meristem
Present at leaf nodes, which are where leaves emerge from the stem.
Section of stem between nodes
Internodes
The function of nodes and internodes
Nodes: points on a stem where the buds, leaves, and branching twigs originate. Important healing, structural support, and biological processes take place.
Internodes: “blood vessels” carrying water, hormones, and food from node to node.
Differences in Primary vs. Secondary Growth
Primary growth: extends the length (height) of the plant above and below ground.
Secondary growth: refers to the width/girth of the plant (arises from lateral meristems)
Two meristems that produce secondary growth
Vascular cambium
Cork cambium
Two types of
