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Diversity of Life > Chapter 18 > Flashcards

Chapter 18 Flashcards

1
Q

Phylum of sponges?

A

Phylum Porifera

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2
Q

Phylum of cnidarians?

A

Phylum Cnidaria

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3
Q

Phylum of flatworms?

A

Phylum Platyhelminthes

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4
Q

Phylum of roundworms?

A

Phylum Nematoda

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5
Q

Another word for layers of differentiated cells

A

tissues

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6
Q

What type of tissues to the simplest animals possess?

A

None

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7
Q

What group are the simplest animals in?

A

Parazoa (unofficial)

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8
Q

Characteristics of Eumetazoa

A

Differentiated cells

True tissues derived from germ layers

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9
Q

Body type with two germ layers:

endoderm

ectoderm

A

Diploblastic

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10
Q

After fertilization, the zygote undergoes mitotic cell division to form _____

A

an embryo.

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11
Q

Ectoderm is precursor of

A

Outer covering of animal (i.e. skin) Accessory organs Cells in nervous system (more complex animals)

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12
Q

Outermost primary germ layer of an animal embryo

A

Ectoderm

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13
Q

The innermost primary germ layer

A

Endoderm

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14
Q

Endoderm is the precursor of

A

Cells that line digestive tract

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15
Q

Animals are generally referred to as _____.

A

Metazoans

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16
Q

Internal body cavity

A

Coelom

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17
Q

Benefits of a Coelom

A
  • Room for organs to grow
  • Increases surface area for gas exchange & nutrient transport
  • Hydrostatic skeleton for support & movement
  • Storage of materials
  • Route to pass waste products & gametes
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18
Q

Forming a head region

A

Cephalization

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19
Q

Characteristics of Phylum Porifera

A

Sponges

  • Very primitive (lack tissues, organs, germ layers, coelom
  • Asymmetrical
  • Cellular level of organization
  • Totipotent (give rise to any other cell type)
  • Choanocytes: flagellated cells involved in many activities
  • Can blend up and will return to functioning organism
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20
Q
A
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21
Q

3 Layers of Triploblastic

A

Ectoderm

Endoderm

Mesoderm

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22
Q

Gives rise to cells between integument and digestive tract, including the lining of the internal body cavity, muscle cells, various parts of circulatory system, the endoskeleton, excretory organs, and various glands, and reproductive organs.

A

Mesoderm

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23
Q

Internal body cavity - a defined space or cavity between digestive tract and outer body.

A

Coelum

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24
Q

4 types of internal body cavities of eumetazoans

A

Diploblastic Acoelomates

Triploblastic Acoelomates

Pseudocoelomate

Coelomates (aka eucoelomates)

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25
Q

Internal Body Type: do not possess coelom, but do possess mesoderm

A

Triploblastic acoelomate

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26
Q

Internal Body Type: possess internal fluid-filled body cavity, but the cavity is not completely lined with mesoderm-derived tissue

A

Pseudocoelomate

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27
Q

Internal Body Type: fluid-filled cavity completely lined with mesodermally-derived cells.

A

Coelomates (aka eucoelomates)

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28
Q

Double layers of mesodermally-derived tissues that often suspend several organ systems within the coelom

A

Mesenteries

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29
Q

2 types of symmetry

A

Radial

bi-lateral

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30
Q

Upper surface of animal

A

Dorsal

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31
Q

Lower surface of animal

32
Q

“Front”/head region of animal

33
Q

“Rear” end of animal

34
Q

Meaning of “coel”

35
Q

Characteristics of Phylum Porifera (sponges)

A

Very Primitive (no organs, tissues, germ layers, coelom)

Asymmetrical

Cellular level of organization

Most cells totipotent

Choanocytes: flagellated cells involved in many activities

36
Q

Give an example of

Bilateral symmetry

Radial symmetry

No symmetry

37
Q

The Phylum of “sponges”

A

Phylum Porifera

38
Q

3 Classes of Phylum Porifera

A

Class Calcarea

Class Hexactinellida

Class Demospongiae

39
Q

The Phylum of “Jellyfish”

A

Phylum Cnidaria

40
Q

3 Classes of Cnidaria

A

Class Hydrozoa

Class Scyphozoa

Class Anthozoa

41
Q

The Phylum of “Flatworms”

A

Phylum Platyhelminthes

42
Q

3 Classes of Phylum Platyhelminthes

A

Class Turbellaria

Class Trematoda

Class Cestoda

43
Q

The Phylum of “Roundworms”

A

Phylum Nematoda

44
Q

Label the parts of a basic sponge and explain what each does

A
  • Water enters via ostia (incurrent pores) to incurrent canals
  • Water moves into spongocoel (central cavity)
  • Water exits via osculum (out current pore)
45
Q

What is the primary way of distinguishing between classes of Phylum Porifera?

A

Their spicules

46
Q

Describe the spicules of

Class Calcarea:

Class Hexactinellida:

Class Demospongiae:

A

Class Calcarea: calcium carbonate spicules

Class Hexactinellida: Glass spicules

Class Demospongiae: Spicules & spongin fibers

47
Q

Which Phylum includes these characteristics:

diploblastic acoelomates

radial symmetry

Polyp & medusa body forms

Extracellular digestion

Nerve net

No respiratory, circulatory, or excretory systems

A

Phylum Cnidaria

48
Q

Phylum Cnidaria have specialized stinging cells called _____.

A

Cnidocytes

49
Q

Class Hydrozoa in Phylum Cnidaria typically only has what form?

50
Q

Class Scyphozoa in Phylum Cnidaria typically has what form?

A

Polyp & Medusa

51
Q

Class Anthozoa in Phylum Cnidaria typically only has what form?

52
Q

Which phylum includes:

Triploblastic acoelomates

Dorsoventrally flattened

True tissues & organs

Waste excrete through protonephridia

No respiratory or circulatory system

Incomplete digestive system

Bilateral symmetry & cephalization

A

Phylum Platyhelminthes

53
Q

Which class of Phylum Platyhelminthes includes planarians?

A

Class Turbellaria

54
Q

Which class of Phylum Platyhelminthes includes flukes?

A

Class Trematoda

55
Q

Which class of Phylum Platyhelminthes includes tapeworms?

A

Class Cestoda

56
Q

Which class of Phylum Platyhelminthes attaches to a host with suckers or hooks?

A

Class Cestoda

57
Q

Which Phylum includes:

Triploblastic pseudocoelomates

Bilateral symmetry & cephalization

Longitudinal muscles, no circular muscles

Complete digestive system

No respiratory or circulatory systems

Exhibit eutely

A

Phylum Nematoda

58
Q

What protects Phylum Nematoda against desiccation and provides a protective barrier to the environment?

59
Q

What provides structure and support for Phylum Nematoda?

A

Hydrostatic skeleton

60
Q

What type of cells in Phylum Nematoda absorb nitrogenous waste and pass it through a pore?

A

Renette cells

61
Q

Phylum Nematoda feeding strategies

A

Plant-parasite

Bacteria-feeder

Fungal-feeder

Predator

62
Q

This Phylum poses a severe risk to humans in underdeveloped countries.

A

Phylum Nematoda

63
Q

Animal “complexity” is drive by _____.

A

Evolution of germ layers and body cavities

64
Q

This divides the body into “left and right” lateral sections.

A

Sagittal Plate

65
Q

Label the parts of this Phylum Porifera (sponge):

66
Q

Give the Phylum & Class of the picture.

A

Phylum Porifera

Class Demospongiae

67
Q

What Phylum does this picture belong to?

Label the parts:

A

Phylum Cnidaria

68
Q

Identify this feature

69
Q

Name the Phylum & Class

A

Phylum Porifera

Class Calcarea

70
Q

Name the Phylum & Class

A

Phylum Porifera

Class Hexactinellida (glass sponges)

71
Q

Name the Phylum & Class

A

Phylum Cnidaria

Class Hydrozoa

72
Q

Name the Phylum & Class

A

Phylum Cnidaria

Class Scyphozoa

73
Q

Name the Phylum & Class

A

Phylum Cnidaria

Class Anthozoa

74
Q

Name the Phylum & Class

A

Phylum Platyhelminthes

Class Turbellaria

75
Q

Name the Phylum & Class

A

Phylum Platyhelminthes

Class Trematoda

76
Q

Name the Phylum & Class

A

Phylum Platyhelminthes

Class Cestoda

77
Q

Name the Phylum

A

Phylum Nematoda

Diversity of Life (5 decks)

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