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History 1302 > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Henry Ford

A

Developed Ford company, invented assembly-line technique which led to mass production of parts

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2
Q

The Gilded Age

A

1868-1901 was full of greed, excessive wealth, aggressive business practices, political corruption, and unaddressed social problems of Industrial America

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3
Q

Charles Darwin

A

Darwinism-evolution, natural selection, survival of the fittest

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4
Q

Karl Marx

A

Socialist who wrote the Communist Manifesto, believed that property owners would oppress the workers and result in a revolution that would destroy capitalism and create a utopian/classless society

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5
Q

Anarchist

A

believed in no government and violent revolutions in order to fight capitalism

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6
Q

Pullman Strike

A

Led to creation of Labor day, Pullman workers went on strike with the railroad union and a riot followed. US soldiers sent in, 12 killed and over $100k in damages

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7
Q

Election of 1888

A

Benjamin Harris defeated Grover Cleaveland by the electoral vote even though Cleveland had a higher popular vote

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8
Q

Alfred Thayer Mahan

A

US Naval officer who encouraged the US to build up the navy, acquire overseas bases, and build a canal through Central America

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9
Q

Rough Riders

A

Roosevelt organized a volunteer cavalry which became the most famous military group in the war

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10
Q

Assembly Line

A

Invented by Henry Ford, led to mass production

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11
Q

Andrew Carnegie

A

Scottish immigrant who rose from poverty to richest man in the world. Controlled the steel industry in the US

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12
Q

John D. Rockefeller

A

controlled 90% of the oil business in the Gilded Age, first to use industrial espionage-spying on other companies to learn inside secrets

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13
Q

Sherman Anti-Trust Act

A

Made it illegal for companies to become so big they influenced/controlled trade

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14
Q

Samuel Gompers

A

Introduced the strike fund and respect for the picket line of other unions

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15
Q

Greenbackers

A

this party favored currency expansion (soft money). Made up of western and southern farmers, they believed that an inflated currency would make it easier to pay off debts

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16
Q

Manifest Destiny

A

the belief that God intended for the US to expand across the Continent of North American from the Atlantic to the Pacific

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17
Q

Teller Amendment

A

Promised US support of Cuban independence and gave up US claims over Cuba

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18
Q

William Jennings Bryan

A

won the democratic nomination in 1896 with his “cross of gold” speech, known as the Great Commoner because he represented the common man

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19
Q

Lenin (Vladimir Illyich Ulyanov)

A

Served as head of Russian government, USSR

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20
Q

Ellis Island

A

Immigration station where Europeans were processed into the US and given a new identity

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21
Q

Rudyard Kipling

A

Wrote the ‘White Man’s Burden” encouraging the US to continue to control the Philippines and join the other imperial nations

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22
Q

Frederic Remington

A

Worked for Hearts publications and covered the Battle of Wounded Knee, Pullman Strike, Capture of Geronimo & the Spanish American War

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23
Q

Spanish American War

A

US had 6 ships and destroyed Spain, who had 10 ships. US lost 8 men, Spain lost 381.

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24
Q

Bread and Butter Issues

A

Higher wages, shorter hours, safe working conditions

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25
Q

Laissez-faire

A

“to let alone”, government should only interfere when absolutely necessary to protect society

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26
Q

Horatio Alger

A

Most popular children’s author during the gilded age. classic story about a poor boy reaching success; self made man

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27
Q

Molly Maguires

A

Irish immigrants who formed a secret group who fought poor working and living conditions

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28
Q

The Gospel of Wealth

A

emphasized that “Protestant virtues” enabled the accumulation of wealth and moral deficiency caused poverty

29
Q

William Graham Sumner

A

Social Darwinist who followed human evolution

30
Q

Grover Cleveland

A

Democrat who served 2 presidential terms-only one in history to not serve them consecutively (1884, 1892)

31
Q

Bourgeoisie

A

Property owners, the oppressors

32
Q

Theodore Roosevelt

A

Became youngest president after being VP, McKinley was assassinated.

33
Q

Eugene V. Debs

A

Debs spent 6 months in jail for violating an injunction against the strike, after he was released he founded the American Socialist Party and ran for president of the US 5 times

34
Q

Proletariat

A

The workers, being oppressed

35
Q

Homestead Steel Strike

A

Iron and steel workers went on strike. It ended when 12 people died. Union was broken and returning workers had to sign “yellow dog” contracts

36
Q

Social Gospel

A

“people dont ask to be poor” set up soup kitchens and inner city missions in the slums (YMCA/YWCA)

37
Q

Farmers Alliance

A

sub-treasury plan=called for the federal govt to set up warehouses where farmers could store products when prices were low, and the govt would then offer federal loans worth 80% of the crops value. This way farmers could sell their crops when prices were high to make a profit and pay off debts

38
Q

Free silver

A

free and unlimited coinage of silver

39
Q

Yellow press

A

tabloid newspapers fought over attention of the public and seized upon the revolutions in Cuba to increase circulation

40
Q

Depuy De Lome

A

Spanish ambassador who insulted president McKinley and Congress, it was published by Hearst and Depuy was attacked by mobs until he resigned and fled the country

41
Q

Emilio Aguinaldo

A

Youngest president of the Philippines, battled the US for independence

42
Q

John Hay

A

US secretary of state, issued 2 open door notes:

  1. Called for the trading nations to observe the policy of fair & free trade In China
  2. Called for preservation of the territory & government of China
43
Q

Interstate Commerce Act

A

applied only to railroads, requiring “just and reasonable” rates; prohibiting discriminatory policies

44
Q

Henry Clay Frick

A

Opposed unions, was stabbed during the Homestead Steel Strike but recovered

45
Q

JP Morgan

A

Founded a private bank, bought out Carnegie steel and created US Steel, loaned money to US govt to stabilize economy

really fuckin rich

46
Q

Robber Barons

A

a derogatory term that was applied to the major industrialists of the Gilded Age implying that they were the arch criminals of their day

47
Q

Knights of Labor

A

Largest union in the US, open membership, rejecting strikes and boycotts in favor of political action, ruined by association with anarchist violence

48
Q

Haymarket Square

A

Workers protested the killing of a striker during the McCormick Harvester strike. A bomb was thrown at a police squad attempting to break up a rally, police responded with open gunfire which killed several

49
Q

Salvation Army

A

Originated in England, put in place to donate used items to the poor community

50
Q

Jane Addams

A

Opposed the entrance of the US into WWI, won a nobel peace prize, co-founded the Hull house

51
Q

Grangers

A

tried to set up farmer owned co-operatives to cut out the “middle men” and allow farmers a bigger share of the profits from their produce. Lack of capital resources doomed the co-ops to failure.

52
Q

subtreasury system

A

federal govt to set up warehouses where farmers could store agricultural products when prices were low. The govt would then offer federal loans worth 80 percent of the crops market value. In this way the farmers could sell their crops when prices were high making a profit and paying off the loans. Called for direct govt action

53
Q

White Man’s Burden

A

the idea that Americans were the purest of the superior white races.

54
Q

Battleship Maine

A

USS Maine exploded in Havana harbor killing 260 Naval personnel. US pres blamed the Spanish for the explosion

55
Q

Platt Amendments

A

-Cuba can’t get into debt
=Can’t enter into a treaty that impairs independence
=The US has right of intervention
-The US can have military bases/Guantanamo ($2000 a year rent)

56
Q

Open door Notes

A
  1. Called for the trading nations to observe the policy of fair and free trade In China
  2. Called for preservation of the territory and government of China
57
Q

William McKinley

A

Republican president for 2 terms (1896, 1890), won spanish american war, issued open door notes on china

58
Q

American Federation of Labor

A

Union leaders joined together to form the worlds largest union

59
Q

George Dewey

A

Naval officer in command during the Spanish American war

60
Q

Evangelina Cisneros

A

the “virgin of havana prison”

61
Q

Alice Paul

A

Women’s suffrage leader who fought for the 19th amendment, giving women the right to vote

62
Q

Liliuokalani

A

Once queen of Hawaii, was overthrown and under house arrest by sanford Dole. Hawaii became a republic with Dole as president

63
Q

Elections of 1896/1900

A

Election of 1900 was a replay of election 1896

64
Q

Margaret Sanger

A

Devoted her life to legalizing birth control and making it universally acceptable to women

65
Q

William Randolph Hearst

A

Owner of the New York Journal

66
Q

Joseph Pulitzer

A

Owner of the New York World

67
Q

Peace of Paris 1898

A

-Spain got out of Cuba/Cuba became independent
-The US acquired the Philippines, Wake, Puerto Rico, and Guam
-The US paid $20 million for the Philippines
“a splendid little war” -Sec. of state John HAy

68
Q

Pinkerton Detective Agency

A

It was employed by railroads and industrialists specializing in protecting trains, catching train robbers and “breaking strikes.”
The logo inspired the term “private eye”. Surrendered at the Homestead Steel Strike

History 1302 (4 decks)

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