Exam 2

Question 1

what kind of cells are plant and animal cells

Answer 1

Eukaryotic

Question 2

surrounds the cell-separates the inside from the outside of the cell.

Answer 2

plasma membrane

Question 3

This also surrounds the cell

Answer 3

phospholipid bilayer

Question 4

proteins are embedded in the ________

Answer 4

phospholipid bilayer

Question 5

what penetrates the bilayer from one side to the other

Answer 5

integral proteins

Question 6

what protein only partially penetrates the bilayer

Answer 6

peripheral proteins

Question 7

glycoproteins/lipids

Answer 7

some proteins and lipids that face the outside of the cell have sugars attached to them.

Question 8

region of the cell b/w the plasma membrane and nucleus

Answer 8

cytoplasm

Question 9

does a nuclear envelope have pores in it?

Answer 9

yes

Question 10

when DNA unfolds, the ______________ is made

Answer 10

messenger RNA

Question 11

what are ribosomes made of

Answer 11

protein and RNA

Question 12

what translates the message into proteins

Answer 12

ribosomes

Question 13

membranes dotted by ribosomes

Answer 13

rough er

Question 14

no ribosomes is what “er”

Answer 14

smooth

Question 15

Ovaries and testes that produce estrogen and testosterone have a lot of __________

Answer 15

smooth er

Question 16

Modifies, refinery, warehouse and shipping center

Answer 16

golgi apparatus

Question 17

_________is a series of enzyme steps that converts glucose to
2 pyruvate molecules
2 NADH
2 ATP.

Answer 17

glycolysis

Question 18

can modify proteins by adding sugar molecules to them to form glycoproteins.

Answer 18

the golgi

Question 19

25 nm diameter made of the protein Tubulin

Answer 19

microtubules

Question 20

7 nm diameter made of the protein Actin

Answer 20

microfilaments

Question 21

8-12 nm in diameter –protein keratins

Answer 21

intermediate filaments

Question 22

all reactions in the mitochondria require what

Answer 22

oxygen

Question 23

_______is a circular pathway located in the Matrix (liquid portion) of the mitochondria.

Answer 23

citric acid cycle

Question 24

formula for citric acid cycle

Answer 24

6atp, 6nadh and 2 fadh2

Question 25

___________ occurs in the Mitochondria Cristae (finger like membrane projections).

Answer 25

oxidative phosporylation

Question 26

Plant Cells have the same organelles as Animal cells except they do not have ________

Answer 26

lysosomes and centrioles

Question 27

_______ have Thylakoid membranes (look like stacks of coins)

Answer 27

chloroplasts

Question 28

Thylakoid membranes have chlorophyll to capture radiant (light) energy and splits water to make ATP and NADPH

Answer 28

light reaction

Question 29

In the fluid portion of the Chloroplast called the

Answer 29

stroma

Question 30

calvin cycle occurs in the ______

Answer 30

stroma

Question 31

what cells have the following: Plasma membrane Cytoplasm DNA/RNA Ribosomes They also have a cell wall made of peptidoglycans. They may have a polysaccharide capsule for protection.

Answer 31

prokaryote cells

Question 32

no nucleus and no membrane bound organelles

Answer 32

prokaryote cells

Question 33

equires NO Energy for transport across the plasma membrane.

Answer 33

plasma transport mechanisms

Question 34

movement of molecules from highly concentrated areas to areas less concentrated.

Answer 34

diffusion

Question 35

Gasses such as oxygen, carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, and carbon monoxide diffuse the ___________ through plasma membranes.

Answer 35

easiest

Question 36

diffusion of free water molecules through a plasma membrane

Answer 36

osmosis

Question 37

free water molecules diffuse through the membranes with the help of water channel proteins called ________

Answer 37

aquaporins

Question 38

________ need water molecules bound to them to keep them in solution.

Answer 38

solutes

Question 39

______solution has a low number of solutes

Answer 39

hypotonic

Question 40

_______solution has high number of solutes

Answer 40

hypertonic

Question 41

_____ solution has the same number of solutes in and out of the cell.

Answer 41

isotonic

Question 42

animal cells need what kind of solutions??

Answer 42

isotonic

Question 43

if animals cell is put in hypotonic solutions....?

Answer 43

lysis

Question 44

animal cell is put in hypertonic solution...?

Answer 44

shrivels

Question 45

plant cells need what kind of solution

Answer 45

hypotonic

Question 46

hypotonic solutions make plant cells...??

Answer 46

turgid

Question 47

plant cells in isotonic solutions will become ...?

Answer 47

flaccid

Question 48

hypertonic solutions cause plants cells to....?

Answer 48

shrivel

Question 49

another form of passive transport in which energy is not used.

Answer 49

facilitated diffusion

Question 50

active transport requires what?

Answer 50

atp energy

Question 51

cell eating—cells can pull in bacteria, viruses, food particles into vesicles.

Answer 51

phagocytosis

Question 52

cell drinking—cells can pull in extracellular fluid in vesicles

Answer 52

pinocytosis

Question 53

A molecule that loses electrons is

Answer 53

oxidized

Question 54

A molecule that gains electrons is

Answer 54

reduced

Question 55

Glucose is oxidized to the (#)_ carbon dioxides and Oxygen is reduced to water.

Answer 55

6

Question 56

can glycolysis occur with or without oxygen present

Answer 56

yes

Question 57

2 Pyruvates are oxidized to 2 Acetyl Co A and 2 CO2 producing

Answer 57

pyruvate oxidation

Question 58

‘ATP synthase’ enzyme uses electron energy (proton motive force) from NADH and FADH2

Answer 58

chemiosomosis

Question 59

each nadh generates

Answer 59

2.5 ATPs

Question 60

each fadh2 generates

Answer 60

1.5 atp's

Question 61

How many ATPs would be made from 3 molecules of glucose?

Answer 61

96 atp's

Question 62

If Oxygen is not present _________ cannot enter the mitochondria

Answer 62

pyruvate

Question 63

Pyruvate is converted to Lactate or Ethanol depending on the organism.

Answer 63

fermentation

Question 64

strenuous exercise =

Answer 64

anaerobic metabolism

Question 65

uses light energy and splits water and uses the protons H+ of water to make NADP into ‘NADPH’ (a plant NADH) and gives off Oxygen as a byproduct.

Answer 65

photosystem I

Question 66

uses the proton gradient to power ATP synthase to change ADP+ P into ATP

Answer 66

photosystem II

Question 67

The products of the light dependent reactions (photosystem 1 and 2) are

Answer 67

NADPH and ATP