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Biology 1083 > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what kind of cells are plant and animal cells

A

Eukaryotic

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2
Q

surrounds the cell-separates the inside from the outside of the cell.

A

plasma membrane

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3
Q

This also surrounds the cell

A

phospholipid bilayer

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4
Q

proteins are embedded in the ________

A

phospholipid bilayer

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5
Q

what penetrates the bilayer from one side to the other

A

integral proteins

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6
Q

what protein only partially penetrates the bilayer

A

peripheral proteins

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7
Q

glycoproteins/lipids

A

some proteins and lipids that face the outside of the cell have sugars attached to them.

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8
Q

region of the cell b/w the plasma membrane and nucleus

A

cytoplasm

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9
Q

does a nuclear envelope have pores in it?

A

yes

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10
Q

when DNA unfolds, the ______________ is made

A

messenger RNA

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11
Q

what are ribosomes made of

A

protein and RNA

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12
Q

what translates the message into proteins

A

ribosomes

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13
Q

membranes dotted by ribosomes

A

rough er

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14
Q

no ribosomes is what “er”

A

smooth

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15
Q

Ovaries and testes that produce estrogen and testosterone have a lot of __________

A

smooth er

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16
Q

Modifies, refinery, warehouse and shipping center

A

golgi apparatus

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17
Q

_________is a series of enzyme steps that converts glucose to
2 pyruvate molecules
2 NADH
2 ATP.

A

glycolysis

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18
Q

can modify proteins by adding sugar molecules to them to form glycoproteins.

A

the golgi

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19
Q

25 nm diameter made of the protein Tubulin

A

microtubules

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20
Q

7 nm diameter made of the protein Actin

A

microfilaments

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21
Q

8-12 nm in diameter –protein keratins

A

intermediate filaments

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22
Q

all reactions in the mitochondria require what

A

oxygen

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23
Q

_______is a circular pathway located in the Matrix (liquid portion) of the mitochondria.

A

citric acid cycle

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24
Q

formula for citric acid cycle

A

6atp, 6nadh and 2 fadh2

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25
Q

___________ occurs in the Mitochondria Cristae (finger like membrane projections).

A

oxidative phosporylation

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26
Q

Plant Cells have the same organelles as Animal cells except they do not have ________

A

lysosomes and centrioles

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27
Q

_______ have Thylakoid membranes (look like stacks of coins)

A

chloroplasts

28
Q

Thylakoid membranes have chlorophyll to capture radiant (light) energy and splits water to make ATP and NADPH

A

light reaction

29
Q

In the fluid portion of the Chloroplast called the

A

stroma

30
Q

calvin cycle occurs in the ______

A

stroma

31
Q

what cells have the following:
Plasma membrane
Cytoplasm
DNA/RNA
Ribosomes
They also have a cell wall made of peptidoglycans.
They may have a polysaccharide capsule for protection.

A

prokaryote cells

32
Q

no nucleus and no membrane bound organelles

A

prokaryote cells

33
Q

equires NO Energy for transport across the plasma membrane.

A

plasma transport mechanisms

34
Q

movement of molecules from highly concentrated areas to areas less concentrated.

A

diffusion

35
Q

Gasses such as oxygen, carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, and carbon monoxide diffuse the ___________ through plasma membranes.

A

easiest

36
Q

diffusion of free water molecules through a plasma membrane

A

osmosis

37
Q

free water molecules diffuse through the membranes with the help of water channel proteins called ________

A

aquaporins

38
Q

________ need water molecules bound to them to keep them in solution.

A

solutes

39
Q

______solution has a low number of solutes

A

hypotonic

40
Q

_______solution has high number of solutes

A

hypertonic

41
Q

_____ solution has the same number of solutes in and out of the cell.

A

isotonic

42
Q

animal cells need what kind of solutions??

A

isotonic

43
Q

if animals cell is put in hypotonic solutions….?

A

lysis

44
Q

animal cell is put in hypertonic solution…?

A

shrivels

45
Q

plant cells need what kind of solution

A

hypotonic

46
Q

hypotonic solutions make plant cells…??

A

turgid

47
Q

plant cells in isotonic solutions will become …?

A

flaccid

48
Q

hypertonic solutions cause plants cells to….?

A

shrivel

49
Q

another form of passive transport in which energy is not used.

A

facilitated diffusion

50
Q

active transport requires what?

A

atp energy

51
Q

cell eating—cells can pull in bacteria, viruses, food particles into vesicles.

A

phagocytosis

52
Q

cell drinking—cells can pull in extracellular fluid in vesicles

A

pinocytosis

53
Q

A molecule that loses electrons is

A

oxidized

54
Q

A molecule that gains electrons is

A

reduced

55
Q

Glucose is oxidized to the (#)_ carbon dioxides and Oxygen is reduced to water.

A

6

56
Q

can glycolysis occur with or without oxygen present

A

yes

57
Q

2 Pyruvates are oxidized to 2 Acetyl Co A and 2 CO2 producing

A

pyruvate oxidation

58
Q

‘ATP synthase’ enzyme uses electron energy (proton motive force) from NADH and FADH2

A

chemiosomosis

59
Q

each nadh generates

A

2.5 ATPs

60
Q

each fadh2 generates

A

1.5 atp’s

61
Q

How many ATPs would be made from 3 molecules of glucose?

A

96 atp’s

62
Q

If Oxygen is not present _________ cannot enter the mitochondria

A

pyruvate

63
Q

Pyruvate is converted to Lactate or Ethanol depending on the organism.

A

fermentation

64
Q

strenuous exercise =

A

anaerobic metabolism

65
Q

uses light energy and splits water and uses the protons H+ of water to make NADP into ‘NADPH’ (a plant NADH) and gives off Oxygen as a byproduct.

A

photosystem I

66
Q

uses the proton gradient to power ATP synthase to change ADP+ P into ATP

A

photosystem II

67
Q

The products of the light dependent reactions (photosystem 1 and 2) are

A

NADPH and ATP

Biology 1083 (8 decks)

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