Exam 1 Flashcards
The Cohesive property of water is due to what?
Hydrogen Bonds
T/F enzymes are carbohydrates that speed up reactions
FALSE
Enzymes have active sites for ______
substrates
what is protein catalysts?
enzymes
what is a reactant that is altered by an enzyme
substrate
chemical that lowers activation energy and increases rate of reaction
catalyst
absorbs/requires energy, products have more energy than reactants
anabolic reaction
releases energy, products have less energy than reactants
catabolic reaction
What affects enzyme function?
denaturation
making or breaking of chemical bonds, chemical bonds contain energy
chemical reaction
a nucleotide contains?
phosphate, 5-carbon sugar, nitrogeneous base
what are the nucleic acids
DNA and RNA
what do nucleic acids do?
store hereditary info
protein with more than 1 amino acid chain
quaternary protein structure
alpha helixes and pleated sheets attract
tertiary protein structure
what is a monomer or proteins
amino acids
the primary protein structure is also known as
the chain of amino acids
what are amino acid chains linked by H bonds, pleated sheets/alpha helixes
secondary protein structure
inserting of a water molecule to break down a polymer into monomers
dehydration hydrolysis
a reaction that removes water from molecules to build a polymer from monomers
dehydration synthesis
the bond between hydrogen and oxygen that form water molecules are??
polar Covalent bonds
T/F : ionic bonds share electrons between atoms
True
What type of bond is C=C and how many electrons does each carbon contribute to form this bond?
double covalent bond and 2 electrons
water shows high cohesive function and surface tension due to what type of bonds?
hydrogen bonds
this enzyme excises thymine dimers that form from UV radiation for DNA repair
endonuclease
this enzyme unwinds dan for replication
helicase
this enzyme bonds okasaki fragments together
ligase
Hershey and Chase showed that DNA and not proteins forms the genetic material that a virus inserts into a bacteria by radiolabeling DNA and proteins with ______
Radiolabeled Phosphate in DNA and Sulfur in Proteins
The difference between heterochromatin and euchromatin is ______.
Euchromatin is transcribed and hetero. is not, hetero. is condensed DNA and Euch. is loosely packed
this enzyme releases the winning stress on the DNA when the replication bubble forms
topoisomerase
what is the site that holds the next tRNA with the amino acid to add
the A site of the ribosome
what removes the introns from DNA
spliceosome
if there is a point mutation in the DNA that results in an amino acid being changed. This would be a
missense mutation
The DNA is AAT; what is the mRNA codon and anticodon on the tRNA
mRNA codon UUA and tRNA anticodon will be AAU
point mutation in the DNA that results in a codon for the same amino acid as the original codon making it a protein
silent mutation
a base pair is a deleted/ added and changes the reading frame of the codons
frameshift mutation
The DNA is CAT; what is the anticodon on the tRNA
CAU
forms the exoskeleton in anthropods
chitin
Potassium has an atomic number of 19 and an atomic weight of 39. What does this mean in terms of protons, neutrons and electrons?
Protons: 19
electrons: 19
neutrons: 20
what is the storage form of glucose in animals
glycogen
what are disaccharides
sucrose and lactose
what is a start codon
AUG
A protein of 150 amino acids was formed by removing _____ water molecules in a ________ reaction.
149, dehydration
what is the storage form of glucose in plants?
amylose (starch)
what is a dietary fiber?
lactose
You have a DNA sequence:
GAACGATACTAC
What would be the sequence of the second strand of DNA during Replication?
CTTGCTATGATG
You have a DNA sequence:
GAACGATACTAC
What would be the sequence of the mRNA?
CUUGCUAUGAUG
how many amino acids does DNA code for?
4
Glycogen is broken down to glucose by liver cells in between meals. If glycogen consists of 200 glucose molecules. How many water molecules must be added to form the 200 glucose molecules in a ________ reaction?
199, hydrolysis
