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Histology - Ingold > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Cytokines that affect the target cells is in the vicinity of the secreting cell are called

A

paracrine

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2
Q

Specialized cells such as taste buds, retina of the eye, and specialized hair cells in the ear are all derived from ____?

A

epithelium tissue

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3
Q

Cartilage cells undergo cell division and become organized into rows

A

zone of proliferation

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4
Q

Loose connective tissue would typically be found in which of the following locations

A

lamina propria of the tubular organs of the digestive system

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5
Q

Almost half the volume of the cardiac muscle cell is occupied by:

A

mitochondria

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6
Q

At the myoneural junction, sarcolemma is thrown into numerous deep ____.

A

junctional folds

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7
Q

Dense regular CT can be found

A

tendons

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8
Q

Which type of tissue is NOT usually avascular

A

bone

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9
Q

T or F. Regarding the osteon in compact bone: it is composed of concentric lamellae of mineralized material

A

true

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10
Q

Hydroxyapatite is involved in

A

bone calcification

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11
Q

Myostatin decrease ____

A

cell size content, cell numbers, dystrophin

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12
Q

One of its functions is peristalsis is what type of muscle

A

smooth

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13
Q

Of the cells associated with bone, the one primarily responsible for the initial secretion and calcification of the bone

A

osteoblast

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14
Q

The type of cartilage found in the external ear:

A

elastic cartilage

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15
Q

The organic component of the bone matrix composes ____ of the matrix (dry weight)

A

35%

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16
Q

Blood vessels and capillaries are lined with

A

simple squamous epithelium

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17
Q

Cuboidal composes

A

tubes

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18
Q

Multiocular?

A

brown fat

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19
Q

Simple columnar epithelium can be found

A

small intestine

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20
Q

Which of the following surrounds fascicles of muscle fibers

A

perimysium

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21
Q

___ canals connect two haversian canals

A

volkman

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22
Q

Exocrine glands that release products via exocytosis are referred to as:

A

merocrine

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23
Q

____ can be found everywhere

A

white fat

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24
Q

T or F. Cilia are normally found in the basolateral domain of the cell

A

false

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25
Q

Cartilage located adjacent to the marrow cavity; chondrocytes dying

A

zone of calcification

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26
Q

The growth of cartilage is attributable to two processes: _____ growth, resulting from the mitochondrial division of preexisting chondrocytes

A

interstitial

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27
Q

Cartilage cells become enlarged; matrix is compressed into linear “bands”

A

zone of hypertrophy

28
Q

T or F. Osteoclasts contain multiple nuclei and they are differentiated from bone marrow.

A

true

29
Q

nutrients diffuse to the cells via the extracellular matrix in ____

A

bone

30
Q

The neurotransmitter for skeletal muscle contraction is:

A

acetylcholine

31
Q

Stratified squamous can be found

A

skin

32
Q

The junctional complex primarily responsible for restricting the passage of molecules between adjacent epithelial cells

A

Zonula occludens

33
Q

The functional unit of skeletal muscle contraction is the:

A

sarcomere

34
Q

Single -unit smooth muscle is found in:

A

intestine and uterus

35
Q

Of the four basic tissue types, the one that is characterized by large amounts of extracellular material and relatively large spaces between cells:

A

connective tissue

36
Q

Dense irregular CT can be found

A

deeper layer of the epidermis

37
Q

T or F. Intercalated disks are sites of many desmosomes.

A

true

38
Q

T or F. Regarding the osteon in compact bone: blood vessels reach the osteons from the bone marrow through the volkmann’s canals

A

true

39
Q

Which of the following is not a characteristic of white muscle fibers?

A

Small nerve fiber

40
Q

What are the 4 domains of a cell

A

morphological, biochemical, apical domain, basolateral domain

41
Q

Which of the following defines the external border of the osteon?

A

cement lines

42
Q

The triad arrangement is found in ____ muscle.

A

skeletal

43
Q

Intrafusal fibers are found in:

A

muscle spindles

44
Q

When active, the osteoclast is found on the surface of bone in a shallow bay termed the:

A

howship’s lacuna

45
Q

We keep stuff on the right side of the epithelial layer

A

zonulae occludentes

46
Q

Reticular fibers are what type of collagen

A

collagen type III

47
Q

Where would you possibly find stratified epithelium that is not keratinized?

A

esophagus

48
Q

Myostatin increases ___

A

neurotransmitter secretion

49
Q

Reticular tissue can be found

A

lymph nodes

50
Q

T or F. White muscle fibers are smaller in diameter than red muscle fibers.

A

false

51
Q

___ tissue secretes the hormone leptin

A

adipose tissue

52
Q

Help cells to resist shearing forces

A

desmosomes

53
Q

Goblet cells are most commonly found in:

A

columnar epithelium

54
Q

Transitional epithelium can be found

A

urinary bladder

55
Q

Mast cells produce ___ and __

A

histamine and heparin

56
Q

Which of the following is not composed of a “proper” connective tissue

A

bone

57
Q

what attaches the periosteum to compact bone

A

sharpey’s fibers

58
Q

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium can be found

A

trachea

59
Q

T or F. Regarding the osteon in compact bone: the primary cell type within the mineralized bone of the osteon is the osteoclast

A

false

60
Q

T or F. Regarding the osteon in compact bone: the central component is the haversian canal which contains blood vessels and nerves

A

true

61
Q

Hyaline cartilage is a highly ____ tissue

A

avascular

62
Q

Binucleated cells are typical of ____ epithelium

A

transitional

63
Q

Hyaline cartilage is what type of collagen

A

collagen type II

64
Q

Stored Ca++ is released from ____ in skeletal muscle tissue.

A

the sarcoplasmic reticulum

65
Q

The growth of cartilage is attributable____ growth, resulting from the differentiation of perichondria cells

A

appositional

66
Q

Fibrocartilage is what type of collagen

A

collagen type I

67
Q

Myoglobin is a protein with a special function in muscle tissue.

A

it holds a reserve supply of oxygen in the muscle

Histology - Ingold (6 decks)

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