Exam 2

Question 1

Cytokines that affect the target cells is in the vicinity of the secreting cell are called

Answer 1

paracrine

Question 2

Specialized cells such as taste buds, retina of the eye, and specialized hair cells in the ear are all derived from ____?

Answer 2

epithelium tissue

Question 3

Cartilage cells undergo cell division and become organized into rows

Answer 3

zone of proliferation

Question 4

Loose connective tissue would typically be found in which of the following locations

Answer 4

lamina propria of the tubular organs of the digestive system

Question 5

Almost half the volume of the cardiac muscle cell is occupied by:

Answer 5

mitochondria

Question 6

At the myoneural junction, sarcolemma is thrown into numerous deep ____.

Answer 6

junctional folds

Question 7

Dense regular CT can be found

Answer 7

tendons

Question 8

Which type of tissue is NOT usually avascular

Answer 8

bone

Question 9

T or F. Regarding the osteon in compact bone: it is composed of concentric lamellae of mineralized material

Answer 9

true

Question 10

Hydroxyapatite is involved in

Answer 10

bone calcification

Question 11

Myostatin decrease ____

Answer 11

cell size content, cell numbers, dystrophin

Question 12

One of its functions is peristalsis is what type of muscle

Answer 12

smooth

Question 13

Of the cells associated with bone, the one primarily responsible for the initial secretion and calcification of the bone

Answer 13

osteoblast

Question 14

The type of cartilage found in the external ear:

Answer 14

elastic cartilage

Question 15

The organic component of the bone matrix composes ____ of the matrix (dry weight)

Answer 15

35%

Question 16

Blood vessels and capillaries are lined with

Answer 16

simple squamous epithelium

Question 17

Cuboidal composes

Answer 17

tubes

Question 18

Multiocular?

Answer 18

brown fat

Question 19

Simple columnar epithelium can be found

Answer 19

small intestine

Question 20

Which of the following surrounds fascicles of muscle fibers

Answer 20

perimysium

Question 21

___ canals connect two haversian canals

Answer 21

volkman

Question 22

Exocrine glands that release products via exocytosis are referred to as:

Answer 22

merocrine

Question 23

____ can be found everywhere

Answer 23

white fat

Question 24

T or F. Cilia are normally found in the basolateral domain of the cell

Answer 24

false

Question 25

Cartilage located adjacent to the marrow cavity; chondrocytes dying

Answer 25

zone of calcification

Question 26

The growth of cartilage is attributable to two processes: _____ growth, resulting from the mitochondrial division of preexisting chondrocytes

Answer 26

interstitial

Question 27

Cartilage cells become enlarged; matrix is compressed into linear "bands"

Answer 27

zone of hypertrophy

Question 28

T or F. Osteoclasts contain multiple nuclei and they are differentiated from bone marrow.

Answer 28

true

Question 29

nutrients diffuse to the cells via the extracellular matrix in ____

Answer 29

bone

Question 30

The neurotransmitter for skeletal muscle contraction is:

Answer 30

acetylcholine

Question 31

Stratified squamous can be found

Answer 31

skin

Question 32

The junctional complex primarily responsible for restricting the passage of molecules between adjacent epithelial cells

Answer 32

Zonula occludens

Question 33

The functional unit of skeletal muscle contraction is the:

Answer 33

sarcomere

Question 34

Single -unit smooth muscle is found in:

Answer 34

intestine and uterus

Question 35

Of the four basic tissue types, the one that is characterized by large amounts of extracellular material and relatively large spaces between cells:

Answer 35

connective tissue

Question 36

Dense irregular CT can be found

Answer 36

deeper layer of the epidermis

Question 37

T or F. Intercalated disks are sites of many desmosomes.

Answer 37

true

Question 38

T or F. Regarding the osteon in compact bone: blood vessels reach the osteons from the bone marrow through the volkmann's canals

Answer 38

true

Question 39

Which of the following is not a characteristic of white muscle fibers?

Answer 39

Small nerve fiber

Question 40

What are the 4 domains of a cell

Answer 40

morphological, biochemical, apical domain, basolateral domain

Question 41

Which of the following defines the external border of the osteon?

Answer 41

cement lines

Question 42

The triad arrangement is found in ____ muscle.

Answer 42

skeletal

Question 43

Intrafusal fibers are found in:

Answer 43

muscle spindles

Question 44

When active, the osteoclast is found on the surface of bone in a shallow bay termed the:

Answer 44

howship's lacuna

Question 45

We keep stuff on the right side of the epithelial layer

Answer 45

zonulae occludentes

Question 46

Reticular fibers are what type of collagen

Answer 46

collagen type III

Question 47

Where would you possibly find stratified epithelium that is not keratinized?

Answer 47

esophagus

Question 48

Myostatin increases ___

Answer 48

neurotransmitter secretion

Question 49

Reticular tissue can be found

Answer 49

lymph nodes

Question 50

T or F. White muscle fibers are smaller in diameter than red muscle fibers.

Answer 50

false

Question 51

___ tissue secretes the hormone leptin

Answer 51

adipose tissue

Question 52

Help cells to resist shearing forces

Answer 52

desmosomes

Question 53

Goblet cells are most commonly found in:

Answer 53

columnar epithelium

Question 54

Transitional epithelium can be found

Answer 54

urinary bladder

Question 55

Mast cells produce ___ and __

Answer 55

histamine and heparin

Question 56

Which of the following is not composed of a "proper" connective tissue

Answer 56

bone

Question 57

what attaches the periosteum to compact bone

Answer 57

sharpey's fibers

Question 58

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium can be found

Answer 58

trachea

Question 59

T or F. Regarding the osteon in compact bone: the primary cell type within the mineralized bone of the osteon is the osteoclast

Answer 59

false

Question 60

T or F. Regarding the osteon in compact bone: the central component is the haversian canal which contains blood vessels and nerves

Answer 60

true

Question 61

Hyaline cartilage is a highly ____ tissue

Answer 61

avascular

Question 62

Binucleated cells are typical of ____ epithelium

Answer 62

transitional

Question 63

Hyaline cartilage is what type of collagen

Answer 63

collagen type II

Question 64

Stored Ca++ is released from ____ in skeletal muscle tissue.

Answer 64

the sarcoplasmic reticulum

Question 65

The growth of cartilage is attributable____ growth, resulting from the differentiation of perichondria cells

Answer 65

appositional

Question 66

Fibrocartilage is what type of collagen

Answer 66

collagen type I

Question 67

Myoglobin is a protein with a special function in muscle tissue.

Answer 67

it holds a reserve supply of oxygen in the muscle