Exam 2 Flashcards
Cytokines that affect the target cells is in the vicinity of the secreting cell are called
paracrine
Specialized cells such as taste buds, retina of the eye, and specialized hair cells in the ear are all derived from ____?
epithelium tissue
Cartilage cells undergo cell division and become organized into rows
zone of proliferation
Loose connective tissue would typically be found in which of the following locations
lamina propria of the tubular organs of the digestive system
Almost half the volume of the cardiac muscle cell is occupied by:
mitochondria
At the myoneural junction, sarcolemma is thrown into numerous deep ____.
junctional folds
Dense regular CT can be found
tendons
Which type of tissue is NOT usually avascular
bone
T or F. Regarding the osteon in compact bone: it is composed of concentric lamellae of mineralized material
true
Hydroxyapatite is involved in
bone calcification
Myostatin decrease ____
cell size content, cell numbers, dystrophin
One of its functions is peristalsis is what type of muscle
smooth
Of the cells associated with bone, the one primarily responsible for the initial secretion and calcification of the bone
osteoblast
The type of cartilage found in the external ear:
elastic cartilage
The organic component of the bone matrix composes ____ of the matrix (dry weight)
35%
Blood vessels and capillaries are lined with
simple squamous epithelium
Cuboidal composes
tubes
Multiocular?
brown fat
Simple columnar epithelium can be found
small intestine
Which of the following surrounds fascicles of muscle fibers
perimysium
___ canals connect two haversian canals
volkman
Exocrine glands that release products via exocytosis are referred to as:
merocrine
____ can be found everywhere
white fat
T or F. Cilia are normally found in the basolateral domain of the cell
false
Cartilage located adjacent to the marrow cavity; chondrocytes dying
zone of calcification
The growth of cartilage is attributable to two processes: _____ growth, resulting from the mitochondrial division of preexisting chondrocytes
interstitial
Cartilage cells become enlarged; matrix is compressed into linear “bands”
zone of hypertrophy
T or F. Osteoclasts contain multiple nuclei and they are differentiated from bone marrow.
true
nutrients diffuse to the cells via the extracellular matrix in ____
bone
The neurotransmitter for skeletal muscle contraction is:
acetylcholine
Stratified squamous can be found
skin
The junctional complex primarily responsible for restricting the passage of molecules between adjacent epithelial cells
Zonula occludens
The functional unit of skeletal muscle contraction is the:
sarcomere
Single -unit smooth muscle is found in:
intestine and uterus
Of the four basic tissue types, the one that is characterized by large amounts of extracellular material and relatively large spaces between cells:
connective tissue
Dense irregular CT can be found
deeper layer of the epidermis
T or F. Intercalated disks are sites of many desmosomes.
true
T or F. Regarding the osteon in compact bone: blood vessels reach the osteons from the bone marrow through the volkmann’s canals
true
Which of the following is not a characteristic of white muscle fibers?
Small nerve fiber
What are the 4 domains of a cell
morphological, biochemical, apical domain, basolateral domain
Which of the following defines the external border of the osteon?
cement lines
The triad arrangement is found in ____ muscle.
skeletal
Intrafusal fibers are found in:
muscle spindles
When active, the osteoclast is found on the surface of bone in a shallow bay termed the:
howship’s lacuna
We keep stuff on the right side of the epithelial layer
zonulae occludentes
Reticular fibers are what type of collagen
collagen type III
Where would you possibly find stratified epithelium that is not keratinized?
esophagus
Myostatin increases ___
neurotransmitter secretion
Reticular tissue can be found
lymph nodes
T or F. White muscle fibers are smaller in diameter than red muscle fibers.
false
___ tissue secretes the hormone leptin
adipose tissue
Help cells to resist shearing forces
desmosomes
Goblet cells are most commonly found in:
columnar epithelium
Transitional epithelium can be found
urinary bladder
Mast cells produce ___ and __
histamine and heparin
Which of the following is not composed of a “proper” connective tissue
bone
what attaches the periosteum to compact bone
sharpey’s fibers
Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium can be found
trachea
T or F. Regarding the osteon in compact bone: the primary cell type within the mineralized bone of the osteon is the osteoclast
false
T or F. Regarding the osteon in compact bone: the central component is the haversian canal which contains blood vessels and nerves
true
Hyaline cartilage is a highly ____ tissue
avascular
Binucleated cells are typical of ____ epithelium
transitional
Hyaline cartilage is what type of collagen
collagen type II
Stored Ca++ is released from ____ in skeletal muscle tissue.
the sarcoplasmic reticulum
The growth of cartilage is attributable____ growth, resulting from the differentiation of perichondria cells
appositional
Fibrocartilage is what type of collagen
collagen type I
Myoglobin is a protein with a special function in muscle tissue.
it holds a reserve supply of oxygen in the muscle
