Exam 2

Question 1

Operons are:

Answer 1

Contiguous genes that are transcribed as a single mRNA

Question 2

A regulon is:

Answer 2

All of the genes in a genome that are regulated by the same protein

Question 3

In feedback inhibition control of a pathway:

Answer 3

The product of a metabolic pathway inhibits the first step of that pathway

Question 4

Epigenetics are:

Answer 4

The functionally RELEVANT changes to the genome that DO NOT involve changes in DNA sequences

Question 5

The three nucleotide sequence in the tRNA that complements the mRNA sequence is called a

Answer 5

Anticodon

Question 6

The RNAs that encode regulatory domains which bind to small molecules is called:

Answer 6

Riboswitch

Question 7

Bacterial cells divide by

Answer 7

Binary Fission

Question 8

Which is NOT a light harvesting pigment?
Phycobilin
Carotenoid
Chlorophyll
Heme

Answer 8

Heme

Question 9

Fermentation is

Answer 9

The reduction of organic carbon molecules after substrate level phosphorylation

Question 10

DNA is replicated from

Answer 10

5 prime to 3 prime

Question 11

When a bacterium utilizes glucose before transitioning to lactose on media containing same amounts of the two

Answer 11

Catabolite repression

Question 12

Type of regulation depicted by a regulator being taken off of transcription by an inducer

Answer 12

Derepression

Question 13

Multiple mRNA codons for each amino acid

Answer 13

Degenerate

Question 14

A bacteria does not use all of the codons for an amino acid in equal proportion

Answer 14

Codon bias

Question 15

Enzymes that cut the bonds in a cell wall during cell growth and division are

Answer 15

Autolysins

Question 16

A photosynthesis using one source of electrons

Answer 16

Oxygenic

Question 17

Label the parts of a gene

Answer 17

Activator binding site, repressor binding site, RNA polymerase binding site, ribosomal binding site, structural gene, terminator

Question 18

Describe how light energy is turned into chemical energy

Answer 18

1. Light energy is harvested by chorophyll
2. Excited chlorophyll electron is transferred to an ETC
3. A proton gradient is formed from the enter electrons, if cyclic the electron returns back to chlorophyll
4. The gradient is used to create ATP

Question 19

Why would a bacterium have more than one chlorophyll molecule?

Answer 19

This would allow it to absorb multiple wavelengths of light making the bacterium more competitive and a better survivor compared to others

Question 20

What is a light harvesting pigment?
Cytochrome C
Riboflavin
Chlorophyll
Heme

Answer 20

Chlorophyll

Question 21

Which is a bacterial structure utilized for light harvesting?
Lamellae
Chloroplasts
Mitochondria
Thylakoids

Answer 21

Lamellae

Question 22

Constitutive genes are expressed

Answer 22

At the same level no matter the environment

Question 23

Regulation that is added to the transcription process with a corepressor

Answer 23

Repression

Question 24

Photosynthesis with two electrons sources

Answer 24

Anoxygenic

Question 25

Describe replication vs transcription

Answer 25

Replication from A to T, G to C and transcription T to U

Question 26

Why would a cell need to oxidize hydrogen gas?

Answer 26

Utilizes cyclic photosynthesis to produce chemical energy, oxidizing the hydrogen provides electrons for reducing power