Exam 2 Flashcards
Operons are:
Contiguous genes that are transcribed as a single mRNA
A regulon is:
All of the genes in a genome that are regulated by the same protein
In feedback inhibition control of a pathway:
The product of a metabolic pathway inhibits the first step of that pathway
Epigenetics are:
The functionally RELEVANT changes to the genome that DO NOT involve changes in DNA sequences
The three nucleotide sequence in the tRNA that complements the mRNA sequence is called a
Anticodon
The RNAs that encode regulatory domains which bind to small molecules is called:
Riboswitch
Bacterial cells divide by
Binary Fission
Which is NOT a light harvesting pigment? Phycobilin Carotenoid Chlorophyll Heme
Heme
Fermentation is
The reduction of organic carbon molecules after substrate level phosphorylation
DNA is replicated from
5 prime to 3 prime
When a bacterium utilizes glucose before transitioning to lactose on media containing same amounts of the two
Catabolite repression
Type of regulation depicted by a regulator being taken off of transcription by an inducer
Derepression
Multiple mRNA codons for each amino acid
Degenerate
A bacteria does not use all of the codons for an amino acid in equal proportion
Codon bias
Enzymes that cut the bonds in a cell wall during cell growth and division are
Autolysins
A photosynthesis using one source of electrons
Oxygenic
Label the parts of a gene
Activator binding site, repressor binding site, RNA polymerase binding site, ribosomal binding site, structural gene, terminator
Describe how light energy is turned into chemical energy
- Light energy is harvested by chorophyll
- Excited chlorophyll electron is transferred to an ETC
- A proton gradient is formed from the enter electrons, if cyclic the electron returns back to chlorophyll
- The gradient is used to create ATP
Why would a bacterium have more than one chlorophyll molecule?
This would allow it to absorb multiple wavelengths of light making the bacterium more competitive and a better survivor compared to others
What is a light harvesting pigment? Cytochrome C Riboflavin Chlorophyll Heme
Chlorophyll
Which is a bacterial structure utilized for light harvesting? Lamellae Chloroplasts Mitochondria Thylakoids
Lamellae
Constitutive genes are expressed
At the same level no matter the environment
Regulation that is added to the transcription process with a corepressor
Repression
Photosynthesis with two electrons sources
Anoxygenic
Describe replication vs transcription
Replication from A to T, G to C and transcription T to U
Why would a cell need to oxidize hydrogen gas?
Utilizes cyclic photosynthesis to produce chemical energy, oxidizing the hydrogen provides electrons for reducing power
