Exam 1

Question 1

The capsule/slime layer of a microorganism is:

Answer 1

A matrix of POLYSACCHARIDES EXTERNAL to the cytoplasm

Question 2

The S-Layer of a microorganism is:

Answer 2

A paracrystalline array of PROTEIN EXTERNAL to the cytoplasm

Question 3

Fimbria are:

Answer 3

Filamentous PROTEIN structure

Question 4

The function of fimbria is:

Answer 4

To adhere to surfaces

Question 5

The periplasm is:

Answer 5

A space between the inner and outer membrane

Question 6

Pilli are:

Answer 6

Filamentous PROTEIN structures

Question 7

Which is not involved with bacterial motility? 
Axial filaments
Pili
Cilia
Flagella
Gliding

Answer 7

Pili

Question 8

The nuclei is:

Answer 8

The condensed DNA in the cytoplasm

Question 9

Bacillus subtitles utilizes glucose for carbon and energy, therefore it is a:

Answer 9

Chemoorganotroph

Question 10

thiomargarita namibiensis utilizes CO2 for carbon and inorganic sulfur for energy, therefore it is a:

Answer 10

Chemolithoautotroph

Question 11

Taxis is the ______ of bacteria

Answer 11

Movement

Question 12

List three domains of life

Answer 12

Bacteria, archaea, eukarya

Question 13

List two functions of pili

Answer 13

Adhere to surfaces, conjugation, movement

Question 14

What is peptidoglycan made of?

Answer 14

Long chains of polysaccharides cross linked by glycosidic bonds

Question 15

Name the six most abundant elements in life

Answer 15

Sulfur, hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus

Question 16

Name 6 cell morphologies

Answer 16

coccus, rod, spiral, spirochete, budding/appendages, filamentous

Question 17

3 regions of Gram-negative outer membrane

Answer 17

O-specific polysaccharide, core polysaccharide, lipid A fatty acids

Question 18

2 functions of the cell membrane

Answer 18

Acts as a barrier, helps create concentration gradient, energy conservation, protein anchor

Question 19

Advantage of an endospore

Answer 19

Can be stored for when needed, can last a very long time, can choose when to become active

Question 20

What is the role of the bacterial cell wall?

Answer 20

Gives the cell shape and stops the cell my lysing

Question 21

Explain two difference between bacterial and archaeal membranes

Answer 21

Bacterial has bilayer and ester bonds, fatty acids, archaeal has bilayer or monolayer and has ether linkages

Question 22

Two differences between gram +/-

Answer 22

+: One membrane, thick peptidoglycan layer, high cross linkages
-: 2 membranes surrounding cell wall, thin peptidoglycan layer, lower cross linkages

Question 23

What is not an effect of slime layers?
Protect against phagocytosis 
Protect against desiccation
Allow organisms to aggregate 
Allow organisms to adhere to surfaces
Create a rigid marx around the organism

Answer 23

Create a rigid metric around the organism

Question 24

What does the S-layer do?

Answer 24

Protects against osmotic pressure

Question 25

What is the function of fimbria?

Answer 25

To adhere to surfaces

Question 26

Which is not a function of pili?
DNA transfer 
Surface attachment
Energy transfer
Light harvesting

Answer 26

Light harvesting

Question 27

Stages of bacterial growth

Answer 27

Lag, exponential, stationary, death

Question 28

What is responsible for the shape of a prokaryote?

Answer 28

Cell Wall

Question 29

What is resistant to lysozyme?

Answer 29

Archaeans

Question 30

Two types of microscopy and what they do

Answer 30

TEM: Cross sections
SEM: 3D pictures