Exam 1 Flashcards
The capsule/slime layer of a microorganism is:
A matrix of POLYSACCHARIDES EXTERNAL to the cytoplasm
The S-Layer of a microorganism is:
A paracrystalline array of PROTEIN EXTERNAL to the cytoplasm
Fimbria are:
Filamentous PROTEIN structure
The function of fimbria is:
To adhere to surfaces
The periplasm is:
A space between the inner and outer membrane
Pilli are:
Filamentous PROTEIN structures
Which is not involved with bacterial motility? Axial filaments Pili Cilia Flagella Gliding
Pili
The nuclei is:
The condensed DNA in the cytoplasm
Bacillus subtitles utilizes glucose for carbon and energy, therefore it is a:
Chemoorganotroph
thiomargarita namibiensis utilizes CO2 for carbon and inorganic sulfur for energy, therefore it is a:
Chemolithoautotroph
Taxis is the ______ of bacteria
Movement
List three domains of life
Bacteria, archaea, eukarya
List two functions of pili
Adhere to surfaces, conjugation, movement
What is peptidoglycan made of?
Long chains of polysaccharides cross linked by glycosidic bonds
Name the six most abundant elements in life
Sulfur, hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus
Name 6 cell morphologies
coccus, rod, spiral, spirochete, budding/appendages, filamentous
3 regions of Gram-negative outer membrane
O-specific polysaccharide, core polysaccharide, lipid A fatty acids
2 functions of the cell membrane
Acts as a barrier, helps create concentration gradient, energy conservation, protein anchor
Advantage of an endospore
Can be stored for when needed, can last a very long time, can choose when to become active
What is the role of the bacterial cell wall?
Gives the cell shape and stops the cell my lysing
Explain two difference between bacterial and archaeal membranes
Bacterial has bilayer and ester bonds, fatty acids, archaeal has bilayer or monolayer and has ether linkages
Two differences between gram +/-
+: One membrane, thick peptidoglycan layer, high cross linkages
-: 2 membranes surrounding cell wall, thin peptidoglycan layer, lower cross linkages
What is not an effect of slime layers? Protect against phagocytosis Protect against desiccation Allow organisms to aggregate Allow organisms to adhere to surfaces Create a rigid marx around the organism
Create a rigid metric around the organism
What does the S-layer do?
Protects against osmotic pressure
What is the function of fimbria?
To adhere to surfaces
Which is not a function of pili? DNA transfer Surface attachment Energy transfer Light harvesting
Light harvesting
Stages of bacterial growth
Lag, exponential, stationary, death
What is responsible for the shape of a prokaryote?
Cell Wall
What is resistant to lysozyme?
Archaeans
Two types of microscopy and what they do
TEM: Cross sections
SEM: 3D pictures
