Exam 2 Flashcards
Ad Populum
Appeal to popular belief
Examples of Ad Populum
viral ads, people review for movies, likes and subscribers
Lots of people believe, have done it, like it, many views
Ad Homien
Name calling, character attack
Examples of Ad Homien
Bush policy has given us 2 wars
Slippery Slope
Inevitable catastrophic unavoidable consequences
Nightmare scenario result from steps taken
Examples of Slippery Slope
If we do this next the govt will do this, then others
Ad Ignorantiam
Absence of evidence is not true that it exists
because there is no evidence it does not exist
Examples of Ad Ignorantiam
something is true because it has not been proved false
False Dilemma
Complex situation to black and white
Oversimplifying issues
Examples of False Dilemma
cut health benefits or enjoy deficit
Straw Person
It is easier to knock down straw than actual person
You use a flimsy to strike down
You refuse genuine ideas of colleague by misrepresenting it
Examples of Straw Person
my opponent wants to open borders and bring drug is wrong
or lets make green card process clear
Red Herring
Raise false to distract the decision
Pivot to something irrelevant to avoid topic on hand
Shift to favorable terms
Persuasive Fact
Real or Fake
True or False
eg. exists or not
climate change is orrurrin
Persuasive Policy
Make recommendation of what should be done
eg. Become vegetarian
Persuasive Value
Ethical value on practice or action
legal or illegal
Examples of Persuasive Value
Death penalty is ethical
Eating meat is immoral
Inductive definition
From bottom up
From specific to large
From Specific example to large conclusion
Examples of Inductive
Because this student is and that student is then all students
Because it did not snow April 5 years now, it will not snow 5 more years
Deductive
Take general principle apply to specific reasoning
Examples of Deductive
KU students are great speakers therefore Chin is a great speaker
Group Deliberation
When group of people have discussion about policy, fact, value
Topic of importance
Why Group Deliberation is important
It is the way democracy works, outlook of issues
Discuss what should be done, course of action, build consensus
Works well with a leader
Why does Group Deliberation need a leader/moderator
Guides, prevent off rail and allows all to speak
Facilitates healthy conversation
Avoid loud and aggressive pple from taking over the discussion
When is Group Deliberation less useful
When there are Group Thinkers
Group Thinkers
Not successful way of group deliberation
Like minded pple, homogeneity
It lacks looking at variety of solutions, views
All have agreed on one solution like brain washed
Already on board with idea of what to do and leads to poor implementation
No descenting voice, playing devil advocate, asking, “What about if this goes wrong”
Democracy thinking
Good Decision
You need to welcome counterarguments
What if it does not work
Be more prepared with plan B and C and more
Welcome conflicting and multiple views, points, variety of opinion
Brainstorm ideas and reach an agreement, consensus
Welcome thoughts, suggestions, comments, questions
Different view points refines ideas
