Exam 2 Flashcards
What is MAC
midarm circumference
how is a MAC measurement performed
measure between acromion process and olecranon process, measure circumference in cm
how is TSF measurement performed
on the right side of the body, measure midpoint between acromion process and olecranon process. Grab about 1cm to 1/2 inch, close tip of caliper and read approximately 4 seconds after pressure from hand is released. Take two measurements. Measure triceps skinfold in mm at the marked point and biceps skinfold at marked point.
What is MAMC
Midarm muscle circumference
How is MAMC measured
estimated by creatinine/height index and midarm muscle circumference, [(C - piT)^2] / 4pi where C is cirumference in cm and T is triceps skinfold in millimeters.
what are the benefits of MAMC
Indirect determination of arm muscle area and arm fat area, determines lean body mass and skeletal protein reserves
how to determine bone free AMA in female and males
AMA-10 for males, AMA-6.5 for females.
What is DEXA
Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry takes energy beam from x-ray tube and measure energy loss depending on type of tissue the beam passes through.
What does DEXA scan measure
bone mineral density by measuring fat and boneless lean tissue
What are the benefits of DEXA scan
measures mineral, fat, and lean tissue compartments, easy, low levels of radiation, avaliable in most hospitals.
What are the limitations of DEXA scan
patient must remain still, which is difficult for those in chronic pain. Hydration status and bone/calcified soft tissue can cause inaccurate readings.
Identify significant %WL for 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months
1-2%,
5%,
7.5%,
10%
Identify severe %WL for 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months
> 1-2%,
5%,
7.5%,
10%
Calculate BMI
weight (kg)/height (m^2)
Calculate IBW for women and men
100 for first 5 ft then add 5(x inches over 5ft) for women
106 for first 5ft then add 6(xinches over 5ft) for men
Calculate %UBW
% UBW = (Actual weight / UBW)* 100
What is inflammation
the protective response against infection, illness, trauma, chronic disease, and physical stress
what is chronic inflammation
inflammation where body continues to synthesize inflammatory mediates during normal physiological processes. loss of barrier function, response to normally benign stimuli, overproduction of oxidants, cytokines, and chemokines.
Calculate %WL
[UBW-CBW] / UBW
What are the signs of acute inflammation
redness, swelling, heat, loss of function, pain
how do you convert lbs to kg
divide by 2.2
how do you convert inches to cm
multiply by 2.54
what is acute inflammation
short term inflammation mediated by negative feedback mechanisms and where mediators have short life and are quickly degraded.
inflammation causes a(n) _______ in positive acute phase proteins
increase
inflammation causes a(n) _______ in negative actute phase proteins
decrease
C-reactive protein
positive acute-phase reactants
a-1 antichymotryspin
positive acute-phase reactants
a1-antitrypsin
positive acute-phase reactants
haptoglobins
positive acute-phase reactants
ceruloplasmin
positive acute-phase reactants
serum amyloid A
positive acute-phase reactants
fibrinogen
positive acute-phase reactants
ferritin
positive acute-phase reactants
complement and components of C3 and C4
positive acute-phase reactants
orosomucoid
positive acute-phase reactants
albumin
negative acute-phase reactants
transferrin
negative acute-phase reactants
prealbumin/transthyretin
negative acute-phase reactants
retinol-binding protein
negative acute-phase reactants
Declining values of negative acute phase protein indicate
inflammatory processes and severity of tissue injury
Can you use lab test to predict nutritional anemia risk
NO
what does C-reactive proteins measure
reflect any type of systematic inflammation, sensitive marker for bacterial diseases. Associated with trauma, CV, neoplastic proliferation.
what is a normal oral glucose levels
<200 in 1 hr and <140 in 2 hrs
what does creatinine measure
used with BUN to assess kidney function, also assess somatic muscle protein status. Creatine should be greater or equal to DRI, low levels in diabetes mellitus.
what does albumin measure
Major purpose is to maintain colloid osmotic pressure. Transports major blood constituents, hormones, minerals, medications, fatty acids, ions.
what does prealbumin (PAB) /transthyretin (TTHY) measure
USED FOR PROTEIN STATUS AND INFLAMMATION, MALIGNANCY. can indicate protein wasting in intestines and kidneys. complex of retinol-binding protein and vitamin A. Transports thyroid hormone. Related to zinc deficiency.
what does retinol-binding protein measure
sensitive protein-energy balance indicator, low levels indicate presence of inflammatory stress, trasnport vitamin A metabolite, rapidly responds tonutrition intervention
what does transferrin measure
transprot of iron to bone marrow of hemoglobin production, low levels indicate actue inflammatory reaction, malignancies, collagen vascular disease, liver disease.
what does ferritin measure
Fe storage in proteins, best lab to determine IRON DEFICIENCY or toxicity
what is the half life for C-reactive proteins
short, 5-7 hours
what is the half life of prealbumin/transthyretin
long, 2 days
what is retinol-binding protein’s half life
12 hours
what is transferin half life
long, 8 days
Microcytic anemia is associated with
iron deficiency
Macrocytic anemia is associated with
B12 or folate deficiency
Pernicious anemia is associated with
malabsorption of B12
What is TIBC
total iron binding capacity
What does TIBC measure
transferrin concentration
What is MCV
Mean red blood cell volume
What does MCV indicate
low levels mean iron deficiency, renal failure. high levels mean B12 or folate deficiency
What is MCH
Mean corpuscular hemoglobin
what does MCH indicate
low levels mean iron deficiency, renal failure. high levels mean B12 or folate deficiency
what does MCHC indicate
low levels in those with iron deficiency
what does ferritin indicate
parallels with iron stores
what does transferrin measure
responds to the binding of iron
