Exam 2 Flashcards
1
Q
Facial Primacy
A
The tendency to give the face more weight to the face than other communication channels
2
Q
3 perspectives on facial expressions
A
- facial expressions and personal judgement
- facial expressions and interaction management
- facial expressions and emotion
3
Q
facial expressions and personality judgments
A
- people think facial primacy occurs because of our belief that faces reveal a great deal about a persons personality or character
- we use facial features and expressions to inform our judgments of other people
4
Q
the face and interaction management
A
- the face can facilitate and elicit responses
- can open and close chanels of communication
- complement verbal/nonverbal responses
- replace speech
5
Q
replacing spoken messages
A
- facial emblems replace verbal messageslike hand emblems, these display a verbal translation (disgust, surprise)
normally see facial emblems when talking about emotion
6
Q
semantic displays
A
facial actions that directly connect what is being said
7
Q
Paul Ekman
A
said we either reveal or hide emotion through 4 techniques
8
Q
MIND
A
masking
intensification
neutralization
deintensification
9
Q
masking
A
replace or cover up feelings with emotional display
10
Q
intensification
A
intentionally trying to increase the intensity of the emotion that is experienced
11
Q
neutralization
A
make it appear you have no emotion
12
Q
deintensification
A
down play the emotion thats felt
13
Q
withholder style
A
face inhibits expression of emotion, little facial movement
14
Q
revealer style
A
opposite of withholder, person always shows emotions
15
Q
unwitting expressors
A
unkowingly lets off expressions that a person may think they were masked
16
Q
blanked expressors
A
person thinks emotion is being displayed however just have a blank face
17
Q
measuring the face
A
- way to assess attractiveness based on principle of symetrical
- more symetrical = more attractive
- Pythagorean beauty
18
Q
Ekman friesen (FACS)
A
- Facial Action Coding Systems
- detects every facial movements made in the face called action movements
- defects emotion
19
Q
SAD FISH
A
surprise anger disgust fear interest sadness happiness
20
Q
surprise
A
brows raised curved and high horizontal wrinkles on forehead, jaw drops
21
Q
anger
A
brows are lowered, drawn together, vertical lines between brows, staring
22
Q
disgust
A
upper lip is raised, lower lip raised, nose is wrinkled, cheeks raised
23
Q
fear
A
brows are raised, drawn together, lines on forehead, mouth is open, eyes are open wide
24
Q
interest
A
similar to happiness
25
sadness
inner core of eyebrows are drawn up, cheeks are down, lips are drawn down/trembling
26
happiness
corner of lips are raised, mouth may or may not be open, a wrinkle runs down the nose, cheeks are raised
27
internalizers
those who show little emotion/expression
28
externalizers
show lots of emotion/expression
29
facial expression and health
it is not healthy to suppress emotion
30
Alexithymia
term used to describe people who have trouble expressing emotion
31
social impact of facial expressions
- face exerts influence on others we interact with
| - important to be aware of the meaning and interpretations of the basic facial expressions
32
paralanguage
- the qualities and sounds that accompany a spoken message
- often referred to as vocalics
- not just what we say but how we say it
33
loudness
the intensity of the voice
34
pitch
the range of the voice (associated with frequency)
35
duration
how long a sound is made
36
rate
the regularity or speed of the pitch
37
articulation
- the clearness and control of the sound
| - useful words, correct grammar, no slang
38
pronunciation
deals with the accepted standars of sound and speech
| - saying things the right way
39
vocal cues and speaker recognition
- voices create unique acoustic signals that can be used to identify a speaker
- we often gauge many characteristics and identifying cues through vocal expressions
(sex, status, role, personality, attraction, emotional state, conversational intent)
40
three primary methods for identifying speakers from their voice
1. listening (the majority of us)
2. visual comparison of spectrograms (voice printing)
3. computers which compare sounds to a standard pattern of sound
41
voice set
- closely related to the speaker identity. helps us to interpret the speakers words more accurately
- provides the context/backgroud for how we evaluate vocal cues
42
voice qualities
- specific features of the voice itself
- used to communicate meaning
- often include modifications in pitch, volume, and rate
43
voice characteristics
- additional sounds we make while speaking (umm, clear throat)
- can be ranked from positive to negative
laughing = positive
burping = negative
44
breathiness
- audible exhilation during speech
- judgments in men: perceived as younger, more artistic
- women - perceived as more outgoing, high strung
45
flatness
- highly related to deeper voices
- flatness for both sexes are more likely to create perceptions of masculinity and sluggishness
- perceived as more credible but also more withdrawn
46
nasality
- considered less desirable in our culture
- perceived as less fun, lazy, and boring
- low intelligence is also perceived with nasality
47
increased rate
male and female perceived as more animated and extraverted
| - too fast can become distracting and perceived as annoying or hard to understand
48
variety (often in pitch)
```
males = more dynamic
females = more dynamic and extraverted
```
49
accents
refers to the different ways words are said ex. water
50
dialect
refers to the use of different words to reference the same thing ex. soda/pop
51
sociointellectual status
status, occupation, income, literacy
52
aesthetic quality
how pleasing or displeasing speech sounds
53
dynamism
how aggressive, loud, or active the voice is
54
vocal cues and emotion
- vocalics can provide insight our current or past emotional states
- we can accurately identify emotions in the voice even from different cultures
55
help to see as more persuasive
- fluent speech
- short response latency
- more pitch variation
- louder voice
- faster speech
56
turn yielding
signaling that is the other persons turn to speak
| - dropping pitch or trailing off
57
response latency
time it takes between one person finishing speaking and the other person to begin
58
turn requesting
- telling the other person to wrap things up
- vocal buffers (er.. ah.. well.. right)
- increasing the rate of responses
59
turn maintaining
- trying to keep your turn to talk
- most prominent in cases where the listener is trying to interrupt
- talk louder or faster
60
turn denying
- transmitting signals to a speaker that you do not want to speak
- head nod with a hmm
61
silence
provides a great deal of information about our thoughts, emotions, attitudes, and relationships with others
62
gramatical junctures
and.. but..
63
non-gramatical junctures
random stoppage in mid sentence
64
unfilled pauses
periods when vocal activity stops entirely
65
filled pauses
interruptions in the stream of speech with audible sound such as umm
66
hesitation
pauses during a speech caused by some kind of anxiety or uncertainty
67
psycholinguistic
pauses related to the encoding and decoding of speech
68
interactive
products of the interaction itself cause pauses between participants
69
what do pauses to within the Dyad (two people)
- some people speed up and talk more
| - some match the pauses (awkward silence)
70
silence vs pause
silence is longer than a pause
71
3 ways silence can be used
- establish distance in interpersonal relationship (silent treatment)
- often necessary for a person to put thoughts together
- used to emphasize certain points in a conversation
72
communicator styles
friendly, impression leaving, relaxed, contentious, attentive, precise, animated, dramatic, open, dominant
73
physical appearance
- often the first thing we notice when meeting new people
- we respond more favorably to attractive people
- people are rated higher when in a group of attractive people
74
universal perspective
some characteristics are perceived as more attractive by the majority of people
75
individual perspective
argues that attraction is based on an individual level
76
matching hypothesis
instead of seeking out the most attractive mate we generally look for someone at our same level of attractiveness
77
dating and marriage
attractiveness is more important when dating then when married
78
on the job
attractiveness is beneficial when getting a job, promotions, and higher wages
79
the face
key is to have a mixture of babyface and sexual maturity
80
ectomorph
tall, thin, fragile - underweight compared to height. often perceived as sensitive, quiet, shy, and reserved
81
mesomorph
muscular, athletic - balanced height and weight. often seen as strong, assertive, confident, competitive
82
endomorph
overweight compared to height - often judged as old fashioned, friendly, warm, agreeable
36% in US overweight
83
height
related to status, attractiveness, and competence
84
body image
how people think, feel, and behave in reguard to their physical appearance
85
functions of clothing
```
decoration
protection
sexual attraction
status
ideology
```
86
information you can get from clothing
personal attributes (sex, age, nationality)
role (leader, follower, teacher)
attitude/emotion
87
clothing conscious
say people notice what I wear
88
exhibitionism
wearing whatever I please
89
practicality
function over form
90
designer
I live for clothes
91
artifacts
badges, tattoos, masks, earrings, jewelry
92
monochronic
- doing one thing at a time
- day revolves around a schedule
- americans
93
polychronic
- doing many things at once
- less emphasis on when than if they get it done
- latin america
94
psychological time
we think about and construct our interpretations of time differently as individuals
95
past
negative - still upsets you
| positive - shapes yourself
96
hedonistic (present)
think of pleasures of present, not future consequences
97
fatalistic (present)
stuck in present, unable to change future
98
future focused
focused on accomplishing goals that are important to your future
99
biological
we have internal clocks
100
cultural effect of time
culture educated us at an early age as to the value of and the means by which we distinguish time
101
technical
refers to a precise way of measuring a variable and time. ex. 365 days, 5 hours, 48 mins, and 45 seconds in the actual year
102
formal
refers to the way a culture views and teaches time as a conscious entity (cycles)
103
cycle
we expect things to occur in a particular order over a given number of units ex. fall, winter, spring
104
displaced
we see a point in time as being "the end" of something ex. 5:00 is the end of work
- literal
105
diffused
we see a point in time as approximate ex. 5:00 is the end of work but I can leave at 4:45 it is close enough
- liberal
106
time and status
people of higher power can manipulate time and make you wait to show status
107
time as location
- when is dinner
- meet me at 4:20
- what time should I be at your house?
108
time as duration
- how long should events last
| - 3 quarters left in the game
109
time as intervals
- how often should you see a friend?
| - wait 3 days to call a girl
