Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biochemistry > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Phosphorylation and photophosphorylation differ by

A

Chlorophyll

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Linoleate

A

Synthesizes by plants not humans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q 
Which requires more than one step
Ala to pyruvate
Glu to a keto
Asp to OAA
Pro to gluta
Phenylalanine to succinate
A

Pro to gluta and

Phenylalanine to succinate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Urea cycle involves

A

Aspartate
ATP
Ornithine
Carbamoyl phosphate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

High conc of urea means

A

Only protein diet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Inorganic nitrogen to organic molecule involves

A

Glutamine synthetase
Nitrogenase
Glutamate dehydrogenase
Glutamate synthase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Free radical Q

A

Converts electron pairs to single electron transfers because cytochromes and other carriers can only handle one at a time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

A cell unable to obtain tetrahydrofolic acid H4 folate would be deficient in biosynthesis

A

TMP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Inosinate

A

Purine nucleotide precursor of both adenylate and guanylate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Purine nucleotide synthesis

A

Requires CO2
Has AMP IMP and GMP inhibitors
Glycine is an ex precursor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Thioredoxin

A

Reducing agent

Synthesizes deoxyribosenucleotides from ribonucleotides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

One amino acid directly involved in purine biosynthesis

A

Aspartate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Precursor for biosynthesis of pyramidine ring

A

Carbamoyl phosphate and aspartate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Principal committed step in biosynthesis of purine nucleotides is

A

Conversion of 5 phosphoribosyl 1 pyrophosphate to 5 phospho D ribosylamine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

14N 15N

A

Labels for semi conservative DNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Accuracy of DNA replication is because of

A

3 hydroxyl
Watson crick base pairing
Polymerase active site
3-5 active site

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Dam methylase

A

Methylated GATC sequences at 5 end

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

P700

A

Has the lowest E
Best reducing agent
Z scheme

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Cyclic vs noncyclic photophosphorylation

A

Noncyclic reduces NADP and liberates O2

Cyclic produces ATP no O2 or NADPH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Why do plants reduced CO2 to glucose

A

At night plants need ATP from glycolysis and Krebs
Need glucose to produce starch and cellulose
Need glucose as a precursor of components

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

C4

A

Tropical plants

Four carbon compound by which CO2 is shuttled from mesophyll cells to bundle sheath cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Aminotransferase

A

Amino group is transferred to an alpha keto acid to from amino acid
Require pyridoxal phosphate as a cofactor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Alpha ketoglutarate

A

Direct acceptor of an additional amino acid group in amino acid catabolism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

How many high energy phosphate bonds used to form urea

A

4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Krebs bicycle

A 
Overlapping Krebs and urea cycles
OAA converted to aspartate
Asp combined with citrus line 
Argino cleaved 
Fumarate is Krebs intermediate
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

CHOH is attached to what cofactor

A

Tetrahydrofolic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Nick translation

A

Removes RNA primer when polymerization of Okazaki fragment stops

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Exonucleases

A

Degrade DNA at free end

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Synthesis of Okazaki fragments in order

A 
Helicase
Primase
Pol III
Pol I
Lipase
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Poor in GC

A

Origin of replication

Means it has a lot of AT which is easier for replication

31
Q

Which amino acids hold Mg in DNA pol I

A

Asp and asp

32
Q

What is a clue that DNA pol I is involved in repair

A

Ecoli lacking Pol I was viable but sensitive to DNA damage

33
Q

Cyanide

A

Binds to Fe of cytochrome a

34
Q

How many photons of light at 680 nm are required

A

4

35
Q

Photochemical rxn center steps

A 
Light excitation
Exciton transfer
Excitation of chrolophyll a
Passage to ETC
Replacement of electron
36
Q

Adenosylmethionine

A

Contained a charged sulfur that carries methyl to be transferred

37
Q

Urea from ammonia

A

Aspartate supplies N in urea
Energy expensive
Rate fluctuates with diet
Fumarate is produced

38
Q

How many different compounds supply the atoms in purine biosynthesis

A

5

39
Q

CTP

A

Affects the enzymes conformation to a low activity form

40
Q

Why are Okazaki discontinuous

A

Both strands are synthesized at same time in 5-3

Lagging is read in 3-5 so it must wait until DNA pol to operate

41
Q

Dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor

A

Aminopterin

Will inhibit DNA synthesis

42
Q

Why are incorrect bases inserted

A

Tautomeric forms make non Watson crick base pairings and these fit the pol active site as well as standard Watson crick base pairs

43
Q

Why is the overall error rate 100000 x smaller than polymerase rate

A

Pol has 3’ exonuclease activity which cuts off mispaired base

44
Q

Holliday junction

A

Site specific recombination
Strand exchange
Gene inversion

45
Q

Self splicing

A

Removal is catalyzed by RNA transcript itself

46
Q

Dolichol phosphate

A

Glycosylation of proteins

47
Q

Proteasome

A

Ubiquinated proteins are degraded

48
Q

Positive regulation

A

Transcriptions off unless activator binds

49
Q

Why are protein domains with DNA small

A

Must fit into major groove

50
Q

Zinc finger motifs

A

Zinc stabilizes protein conformation by interacting with side chains

51
Q

Low lac level

A

Means some lactose permease will be present in cell membrane

If cell needs to use lactose, it will allow lactose to enter and turn on operon

52
Q

Error catastrophe

A

Leads to extinction when loss of info through errors EXCEED the gain by natural selection

53
Q

Double origin hypothesis

A

Dyson

54
Q

Hardware and software

A

John Von Neumann
tRNA
rRNA
Enzymes

55
Q

Lowest error rate

A

Modern replication

56
Q

Is delta G related to rate

A

NO

57
Q

**A person who cannot synthesize fructose 1 6 biphosphate would not be able to

A

Resynthesize glucose from lactate during exercise

58
Q

Control point

A

Regulated by cell energy supply

59
Q

Cyclic photophosphorylation

A

Does not generate O2

60
Q

**how many ATP formed in glycolysis to pyruvate from glycogen

A

3

61
Q

**Phosphofructokinase activity is enhanced by

A

Increased fructose 2 6 biphosphate conc

62
Q

**Glycogen metabolism steps

A 
Hormone binding 
Formation of cAMP
Activation of protein kinase
Phosphorylation of phosphorylase kinase
Phosphorylation of glycogen synthase
63
Q

**If enolase was inhibited

A

3 phosphoglycerate would increase

64
Q

**Conversion of 1G6P to 2lactate needs

A

3 ATP

65
Q

**If c3 labeled glucose were fed to yeast carrying out ethanol fermentation

A

CO2 would be labeled

66
Q

**if glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate was labeled at C1 F16BP would be labeled

A

C3 and C4

67
Q

**Galactosemia

A

Deficient UDP glucose: galactose

68
Q

**Increased glucagon levels

A

Phosphorylation of PFK
PFK is inhibited
Glycolysis is slowed

69
Q

**Control of gluconeogenesis

A

Glucagon stimulates adenylcyclase
cAMP stimulates phosphorylation
FBPase lowers F26BP level
Linked to glycolysis

70
Q

**What has an immediate effect on glycogen breakdown

A

Increased cAMP
Increased AMP/ATP
Increased glucagon

71
Q

**Which describes FA transport

A

Rate limiting step
Regulated by malonyl
Cytosolic and matrix pools are separate
Committed to oxidation

72
Q

**When serum glucose levels fall

A

Glycolysis continues normally

73
Q

**if C1 is labeled in glucose and enters glycolysis , what’s labeled in G3P

A

C3 50%

74
Q

**Oxidation reductions rxns always require

A

Transfer of electrons

Biochemistry (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions