Exam 2 Flashcards
1
Q
concept that is a combination of space/time, radiating out from one place
A
Pacha
2
Q
life force given to things, can be manipulated or transferred, but not created from nothing
A
Camaquen
3
Q
What gives the Camaquen to things. Humans get camaquen from ancestors, llamas from the star void, etc
A
Camac
4
Q
the world in which people lived, there are also upper and lower worlds
A
Kay pacha
5
Q
What are the major concepts of Inca time/space?
A
radiating out from one place talk about what happened at the highest place first time is cyclical and linear future is a place on a landscape past was cumulative
6
Q
this concept was important in daily life, things and people get paired off, different things were associated with male and female
A
Duality
7
Q
.
A
Practice and performance
8
Q
objects that had the same camaquen as the Inca himself, made of stone or gold that could act as the king, would have bundles of hair and nails when taken into battle
A
Wawqi
9
Q
smaller objects, figurines, concentrated power of what they represent, usually buried with their sacrifices
A
Enqa
10
Q
What is the breakdown of the inca decimal system
A
base 10, 2 mothers and 8 offspring
1 is the mother, 2, 3, 4, 5 are the offspring
6 is the mother, 7, 8, 9, 10 are the offspring
11
Q
record keeping system
A
Khipu
12
Q
The Social Life of Numbers
decimal system
A
Gary Urton
13
Q
studied khipus in depth
A
Frank Salomon
14
Q
areas
A
Suyu
15
Q
area named after the tropical area
A
Antisuyu
16
Q
area named after the chinchapoyas
A
Chinchasuyu
17
Q
area named for the Qollas
A
Kollasuyu
18
Q
dry area on the southern coast, least status
A
Cuntisuyu
19
Q
royal allyus, new ones would be created every time there was a new king
A
Panaqa
20
Q
governors of the suyu, would come from the nobility of Cuzco
A
Apu
21
Q
the unique inca, the king
A
Sapa Inca
22
Q
the people that lived in the area when the founders came
A
Incas by Privelege
23
Q
principle wife of the king
A
Qoya
24
Q
other wife or consort of the king
A
Palla
25
sisters or daughters of the inca, princesses
nusta
26
The mummy of the inca king
Mallki
27
high priest of the sun, one higher than the rest, some say this is the highest office under the king, wayna qhapac supposedly took this office himself
Willaq Umu
28
.
Succession
29
studied the zeq'e system extensively with an astronomer, determined that part of them were celestial markers,
Tom Zuidema
30
braided headband around the incas head, often with feathers, fringe on the forehead
Llauto
31
group of people that carried the litter of the king, supposedly had the smoothest gait
Rucanas
32
what the spanish called the incas becaused they had big ear spools
Orejones
33
terrace of repose, the main plaza in Cuzco during Inca times, ceremonies took place
Awkaypata
34
fortunate terrace, second plaza across the waterway from the Awkaypata, mostly built over in colonial times
Kusipata
35
great enclosure, big rectangular enclosure made of some of the finest inca stonework, several buildings inside, including the house of mamakuna
Hatunkancha
36
serpent enclosure, one account says it was Waskhar's palaces, another disagrees, curved walls denote a temple
Amarukancha
37
golden enclosure, series of rectangular rooms, each dedicated to a certain God, royal mummies were also worshipped here
Qorikancha
38
the site at the head of cuzco, the puma head, some say it was a fortress, but there are ritual aspects. Probably built as a temple, then over time used as storage and a fortress
Sasqsawaman
39
.
Qolla
40
lower elevation than cuzco, "breadbasket" of cuzco, no fruit or cotton, inca estates were built, terraced for production
Vilcanota/Urubamba valley
41
an estate of Pachakuti, had residential complexes, houses, temples, baths, fountains, terracing, very distinctive inka trapezoid architecture, temple built around a special carved stone, water fountains and canals
Pisac
42
one of Pachakuti's estates, all typical inka features, fairly narrow terracing, very planned, 6 large rhyolite stones, ramp looking down the east of the valley, storehouses on the hills nearby
Ollanatytambo
43
one of pachakuti's estates, means "old hill", pretty steep terraces, Intihuatana, Torreon, shadow rock
Machu Picchu
44
a rectangular block of houses that had 1-6 rooms organized around small plazas and thatched roofs
Kancha
45
one of Thupa Inka's estates, outside of the valley at 3400 m, still a community here with a famous market
Chinchero
46
wak'a, water fountains
Tampu Machay
47
a natural cave at machu picchu, on the ground in front was a stone carved in the shape of a condor beak, probably a ritual area
Torreon
48
the ushnu at Machu Picchu, the "hitching post of the sun", pillar acts as the sundial, would've been used for llama sacrifices
Intiwatana
49
the creator god, seen as very removed from everyday activities.
Wiraqocha
50
the sun god, male, most important when spanish come, often represented as a golden statue or disk, golden statue of a seated boy with golden rays coming from his head
Inti
51
the thunder god, man in the sky with a club and sling, god of all meteorological phenomena
Inti-Illapa
52
mother moon, seen as married to Inti, silver, important in calculating time and regulating cycle of ritual/ceremonies, had her own temple in cuzco with priestesses
Mama-Quilla
53
earth mother, in charge of agriculture, crops, sacrifices to her for good harvests, one of the main deities in the andes today
Pachamama
54
mother of lakes and sea, very important on the coast, shell asociated with her
Mamacocha
55
male, maker of the earth, associated with earthquakes, temples held oracles, people would come and ask,
Pachacamac
56
part of the cyclical ritual calendar, used as marker for agricultural cycles, mother of stars,
Pleides
57
magnificent festival, first month of the year (December), the summer solstice, nobility boys went through puberty rites, people from the provinces were required to leave cuzco
Qhapaq Raymi
58
warriors cultivation, june to honor the sun god, last held in 1535
Inti Raymi
59
queen's festival, purification, during the rainy season, 4 people would run out from the center, handing their burdens off from nobility to commoners, would then dump the burden in a river and bathe
Qoya Raymi
60
radial organization of space (calendar, social hierarchy, religious cycle). The ushnu in the center plaza is used as the center and sighting line
Zeq'e System
61
the child sacrifice ceremonies
Qhapaq ucha
62
anything or any place that has transcendent power
Wak'a
63
an uncarved stone, one of the most important wak'as, said to be petrified remains of one of the original inca brothers
Huanacari
64
the milky way, celestial river, source of rain, when it hits the zenith it creates a cross which helped them to separate their space
Mayu
65
at least 15, unmodified stones, found at shrines in the zeq'e system, said to be warriors that helped pachakuti during his battle
Puruacas
66
very elaborate carved site near saqsawaman, has basins for pouring liquid, said to be the death house of pachakuti, where his mummy was kept
Qenq'o
67
west of cuzco, depicts an idealized landscape, a graphical metaphor of the inca world
Stone of Sayhuite
68
mountain, child ice mummies found by Reinhard
Llullaillaco
69
archaeologist that searched for ice mummies
Johan Reinhard
70
these were thought to be a puma or snake eating the moon and you had to make a lot of noise to scare it off, thought that they were a sign that a king or prince was about to die and the sun was in mourning
Eclipses
71
.
Comets
72
these were tracked instead of constellations
Stellar voids
73
an ice mummy found by Reinhard
Juanita
74
group of wisemen of the nobility in Cuzco, told and taught the nobility the important aspects of the life: astronomy, rituals, poems, etc.
the Amauta
75
In duality, what is associated with women
household, earth, left side
76
In duality, what is associated with men
public, water, right side
77
T/F Wiraqocha, the creator god, has both make and female aspects
True
78
T/F Concepts of the human body were important in how they saw the world- places on land were named for body parts
true
79
what is a pago
an offering
80
What does mallki mean
"something planted" or "something ready to plant"
81
what were the ashes of the inca organs placed into
the belly of a small golden statue of a boy that represented the sun
82
burial towers, usually one kin group, where mummies or bones would be kept, some of them seem to be marking boundaries
Chullpas
83
how long are the pleides visible
27 days
84
The Inca believed they were on the __ sun of creation (destruction cycle)
5th
85
an expression of camaquen (ex carving terraces into stone and pouring water through it brought the vitality to the landscape)
camay
86
gold, silver, shell represent what, respectively
the sun, the moon, the sea
87
one idea of the qhipu system is that they are built around
syllables of the quechua language
88
like other systems, some believed that the qhipus were a
meaning based sign system
89
the last idea of the qhipu system was that they were a
content neutral coding system, binary code
90
counting system, piles of different pebbles or grains that they put into different boxes or trays
Yupana
91
what was the name of Pachakuti's kin group
Hatun Ayllu
92
what was the name of Thupa Inka's kin group
Qhapaq Ayllu
93
who started the tradition of your sister being your principle wife
thupa inca
94
the inca was seen as ---
fatherly, generous
95
duho
small wooden stool the inca sat on
96
group of women that wove especially for the king
mamakuna
97
what was the inca clothing made out of
vicuna, cloak made out of bat fur
98
what does the existence of people from panaqas that aren't associated with the 10 known kings imply?
that kings changed history, that in their retelling they left people out
99
T/F the Qoya could be anyone
False, they had to be pure Inca blood, which brought status to the king and legitimacy to the offspring
100
T/F only the sons of the Qoya could become king
true
101
Quizquiz killing Waskhar's wife and children is evidence that
the wives and mothers were seen as a threat
102
who was responsible for remodeling/restructuring the city?
Pachakuti
103
what did Pachakuti supposedly model the city after
a puma
104
the center area was divided into two areas controlled by
hanan and hurin, the two ayllus
105
There were __ districts for each Suyu
3
106
each major conquered lord was required to
have a house in Cuzco, , live there 4 months out of the year, and one son to live in Cuzco at all times
107
how many people were living in Cuzco at the time of conquest? In outlying areas?
40,000 ppl
| 200,000 ppl
108
a platform with carved stone and basin in the middle of the plaza, where sacrifices were carried out
usnu
109
what were the plaza filled with
sand imported from the coast, "two hands tall", represented the power of the sea
110
what was the field below the qorikancha
the golden garden, with fullsize cornplants with cobs made out of gold, life size birds, llamas, people made out of precious metals
111
what were some of the rooms in the qorikancha
sun, moon, wiraqocha, rainbow, thunder
112
what was found at saqsawaman
kilke temple, sacred spot
113
how many people did Pachakuti have working at Saqsawaman year round
20,000
4,000 quarriers
6,000 hawling
the rest digging trenches
114
who were the first to establsih estates
Inka Roq'a, but Yawar Waqaq might have had one too
115
how many shrines are along each zeq'e line
3-15, each line 10-11 km long
116
carved hillside, getting into the eastern slope of the andes, possibly symbolizing the boundaries of the "civilized world"
samaipata
117
people that controlled Pachacamac when thupa inca conquered it
Yschma
118
house of holy women
aqllawasi
119
where was juanita found?
Nevado Ampato 6300 m
