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The Incas > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

concept that is a combination of space/time, radiating out from one place

A

Pacha

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2
Q

life force given to things, can be manipulated or transferred, but not created from nothing

A

Camaquen

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3
Q

What gives the Camaquen to things. Humans get camaquen from ancestors, llamas from the star void, etc

A

Camac

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4
Q

the world in which people lived, there are also upper and lower worlds

A

Kay pacha

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5
Q

What are the major concepts of Inca time/space?

A 
radiating out from one place
talk about what happened at the highest place first
time is cyclical and linear
future is a place on a landscape
past was cumulative
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6
Q

this concept was important in daily life, things and people get paired off, different things were associated with male and female

A

Duality

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7
Q

.

A

Practice and performance

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8
Q

objects that had the same camaquen as the Inca himself, made of stone or gold that could act as the king, would have bundles of hair and nails when taken into battle

A

Wawqi

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9
Q

smaller objects, figurines, concentrated power of what they represent, usually buried with their sacrifices

A

Enqa

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10
Q

What is the breakdown of the inca decimal system

A

base 10, 2 mothers and 8 offspring
1 is the mother, 2, 3, 4, 5 are the offspring
6 is the mother, 7, 8, 9, 10 are the offspring

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11
Q

record keeping system

A

Khipu

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12
Q

The Social Life of Numbers

decimal system

A

Gary Urton

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13
Q

studied khipus in depth

A

Frank Salomon

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14
Q

areas

A

Suyu

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15
Q

area named after the tropical area

A

Antisuyu

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16
Q

area named after the chinchapoyas

A

Chinchasuyu

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17
Q

area named for the Qollas

A

Kollasuyu

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18
Q

dry area on the southern coast, least status

A

Cuntisuyu

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19
Q

royal allyus, new ones would be created every time there was a new king

A

Panaqa

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20
Q

governors of the suyu, would come from the nobility of Cuzco

A

Apu

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21
Q

the unique inca, the king

A

Sapa Inca

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22
Q

the people that lived in the area when the founders came

A

Incas by Privelege

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23
Q

principle wife of the king

A

Qoya

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24
Q

other wife or consort of the king

A

Palla

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25
Q

sisters or daughters of the inca, princesses

A

nusta

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26
Q

The mummy of the inca king

A

Mallki

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27
Q

high priest of the sun, one higher than the rest, some say this is the highest office under the king, wayna qhapac supposedly took this office himself

A

Willaq Umu

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28
Q

.

A

Succession

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29
Q

studied the zeq’e system extensively with an astronomer, determined that part of them were celestial markers,

A

Tom Zuidema

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30
Q

braided headband around the incas head, often with feathers, fringe on the forehead

A

Llauto

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31
Q

group of people that carried the litter of the king, supposedly had the smoothest gait

A

Rucanas

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32
Q

what the spanish called the incas becaused they had big ear spools

A

Orejones

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33
Q

terrace of repose, the main plaza in Cuzco during Inca times, ceremonies took place

A

Awkaypata

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34
Q

fortunate terrace, second plaza across the waterway from the Awkaypata, mostly built over in colonial times

A

Kusipata

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35
Q

great enclosure, big rectangular enclosure made of some of the finest inca stonework, several buildings inside, including the house of mamakuna

A

Hatunkancha

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36
Q

serpent enclosure, one account says it was Waskhar’s palaces, another disagrees, curved walls denote a temple

A

Amarukancha

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37
Q

golden enclosure, series of rectangular rooms, each dedicated to a certain God, royal mummies were also worshipped here

A

Qorikancha

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38
Q

the site at the head of cuzco, the puma head, some say it was a fortress, but there are ritual aspects. Probably built as a temple, then over time used as storage and a fortress

A

Sasqsawaman

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39
Q

.

A

Qolla

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40
Q

lower elevation than cuzco, “breadbasket” of cuzco, no fruit or cotton, inca estates were built, terraced for production

A

Vilcanota/Urubamba valley

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41
Q

an estate of Pachakuti, had residential complexes, houses, temples, baths, fountains, terracing, very distinctive inka trapezoid architecture, temple built around a special carved stone, water fountains and canals

A

Pisac

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42
Q

one of Pachakuti’s estates, all typical inka features, fairly narrow terracing, very planned, 6 large rhyolite stones, ramp looking down the east of the valley, storehouses on the hills nearby

A

Ollanatytambo

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43
Q

one of pachakuti’s estates, means “old hill”, pretty steep terraces, Intihuatana, Torreon, shadow rock

A

Machu Picchu

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44
Q

a rectangular block of houses that had 1-6 rooms organized around small plazas and thatched roofs

A

Kancha

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45
Q

one of Thupa Inka’s estates, outside of the valley at 3400 m, still a community here with a famous market

A

Chinchero

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46
Q

wak’a, water fountains

A

Tampu Machay

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47
Q

a natural cave at machu picchu, on the ground in front was a stone carved in the shape of a condor beak, probably a ritual area

A

Torreon

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48
Q

the ushnu at Machu Picchu, the “hitching post of the sun”, pillar acts as the sundial, would’ve been used for llama sacrifices

A

Intiwatana

49
Q

the creator god, seen as very removed from everyday activities.

A

Wiraqocha

50
Q

the sun god, male, most important when spanish come, often represented as a golden statue or disk, golden statue of a seated boy with golden rays coming from his head

A

Inti

51
Q

the thunder god, man in the sky with a club and sling, god of all meteorological phenomena

A

Inti-Illapa

52
Q

mother moon, seen as married to Inti, silver, important in calculating time and regulating cycle of ritual/ceremonies, had her own temple in cuzco with priestesses

A

Mama-Quilla

53
Q

earth mother, in charge of agriculture, crops, sacrifices to her for good harvests, one of the main deities in the andes today

A

Pachamama

54
Q

mother of lakes and sea, very important on the coast, shell asociated with her

A

Mamacocha

55
Q

male, maker of the earth, associated with earthquakes, temples held oracles, people would come and ask,

A

Pachacamac

56
Q

part of the cyclical ritual calendar, used as marker for agricultural cycles, mother of stars,

A

Pleides

57
Q

magnificent festival, first month of the year (December), the summer solstice, nobility boys went through puberty rites, people from the provinces were required to leave cuzco

A

Qhapaq Raymi

58
Q

warriors cultivation, june to honor the sun god, last held in 1535

A

Inti Raymi

59
Q

queen’s festival, purification, during the rainy season, 4 people would run out from the center, handing their burdens off from nobility to commoners, would then dump the burden in a river and bathe

A

Qoya Raymi

60
Q

radial organization of space (calendar, social hierarchy, religious cycle). The ushnu in the center plaza is used as the center and sighting line

A

Zeq’e System

61
Q

the child sacrifice ceremonies

A

Qhapaq ucha

62
Q

anything or any place that has transcendent power

A

Wak’a

63
Q

an uncarved stone, one of the most important wak’as, said to be petrified remains of one of the original inca brothers

A

Huanacari

64
Q

the milky way, celestial river, source of rain, when it hits the zenith it creates a cross which helped them to separate their space

A

Mayu

65
Q

at least 15, unmodified stones, found at shrines in the zeq’e system, said to be warriors that helped pachakuti during his battle

A

Puruacas

66
Q

very elaborate carved site near saqsawaman, has basins for pouring liquid, said to be the death house of pachakuti, where his mummy was kept

A

Qenq’o

67
Q

west of cuzco, depicts an idealized landscape, a graphical metaphor of the inca world

A

Stone of Sayhuite

68
Q

mountain, child ice mummies found by Reinhard

A

Llullaillaco

69
Q

archaeologist that searched for ice mummies

A

Johan Reinhard

70
Q

these were thought to be a puma or snake eating the moon and you had to make a lot of noise to scare it off, thought that they were a sign that a king or prince was about to die and the sun was in mourning

A

Eclipses

71
Q

.

A

Comets

72
Q

these were tracked instead of constellations

A

Stellar voids

73
Q

an ice mummy found by Reinhard

A

Juanita

74
Q

group of wisemen of the nobility in Cuzco, told and taught the nobility the important aspects of the life: astronomy, rituals, poems, etc.

A

the Amauta

75
Q

In duality, what is associated with women

A

household, earth, left side

76
Q

In duality, what is associated with men

A

public, water, right side

77
Q

T/F Wiraqocha, the creator god, has both make and female aspects

A

True

78
Q

T/F Concepts of the human body were important in how they saw the world- places on land were named for body parts

A

true

79
Q

what is a pago

A

an offering

80
Q

What does mallki mean

A

“something planted” or “something ready to plant”

81
Q

what were the ashes of the inca organs placed into

A

the belly of a small golden statue of a boy that represented the sun

82
Q

burial towers, usually one kin group, where mummies or bones would be kept, some of them seem to be marking boundaries

A

Chullpas

83
Q

how long are the pleides visible

A

27 days

84
Q

The Inca believed they were on the __ sun of creation (destruction cycle)

A

5th

85
Q

an expression of camaquen (ex carving terraces into stone and pouring water through it brought the vitality to the landscape)

A

camay

86
Q

gold, silver, shell represent what, respectively

A

the sun, the moon, the sea

87
Q

one idea of the qhipu system is that they are built around

A

syllables of the quechua language

88
Q

like other systems, some believed that the qhipus were a

A

meaning based sign system

89
Q

the last idea of the qhipu system was that they were a

A

content neutral coding system, binary code

90
Q

counting system, piles of different pebbles or grains that they put into different boxes or trays

A

Yupana

91
Q

what was the name of Pachakuti’s kin group

A

Hatun Ayllu

92
Q

what was the name of Thupa Inka’s kin group

A

Qhapaq Ayllu

93
Q

who started the tradition of your sister being your principle wife

A

thupa inca

94
Q

the inca was seen as —

A

fatherly, generous

95
Q

duho

A

small wooden stool the inca sat on

96
Q

group of women that wove especially for the king

A

mamakuna

97
Q

what was the inca clothing made out of

A

vicuna, cloak made out of bat fur

98
Q

what does the existence of people from panaqas that aren’t associated with the 10 known kings imply?

A

that kings changed history, that in their retelling they left people out

99
Q

T/F the Qoya could be anyone

A

False, they had to be pure Inca blood, which brought status to the king and legitimacy to the offspring

100
Q

T/F only the sons of the Qoya could become king

A

true

101
Q

Quizquiz killing Waskhar’s wife and children is evidence that

A

the wives and mothers were seen as a threat

102
Q

who was responsible for remodeling/restructuring the city?

A

Pachakuti

103
Q

what did Pachakuti supposedly model the city after

A

a puma

104
Q

the center area was divided into two areas controlled by

A

hanan and hurin, the two ayllus

105
Q

There were __ districts for each Suyu

A

3

106
Q

each major conquered lord was required to

A

have a house in Cuzco, , live there 4 months out of the year, and one son to live in Cuzco at all times

107
Q

how many people were living in Cuzco at the time of conquest? In outlying areas?

A

40,000 ppl

200,000 ppl

108
Q

a platform with carved stone and basin in the middle of the plaza, where sacrifices were carried out

A

usnu

109
Q

what were the plaza filled with

A

sand imported from the coast, “two hands tall”, represented the power of the sea

110
Q

what was the field below the qorikancha

A

the golden garden, with fullsize cornplants with cobs made out of gold, life size birds, llamas, people made out of precious metals

111
Q

what were some of the rooms in the qorikancha

A

sun, moon, wiraqocha, rainbow, thunder

112
Q

what was found at saqsawaman

A

kilke temple, sacred spot

113
Q

how many people did Pachakuti have working at Saqsawaman year round

A

20,000
4,000 quarriers
6,000 hawling
the rest digging trenches

114
Q

who were the first to establsih estates

A

Inka Roq’a, but Yawar Waqaq might have had one too

115
Q

how many shrines are along each zeq’e line

A

3-15, each line 10-11 km long

116
Q

carved hillside, getting into the eastern slope of the andes, possibly symbolizing the boundaries of the “civilized world”

A

samaipata

117
Q

people that controlled Pachacamac when thupa inca conquered it

A

Yschma

118
Q

house of holy women

A

aqllawasi

119
Q

where was juanita found?

A

Nevado Ampato 6300 m

The Incas (4 decks)

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