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Intro to Microbiology > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

What sugar is fermented by all members of the family Enterobacteriaceae?

A

glucose

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2
Q

What arrangement of flagella is characteristic of motile members of this family?

A

peritrichous

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3
Q

What letter represents the cell wall (somatic) antigen?

A

O

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4
Q

What antigen letter is always present?

A

O

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5
Q

What letter represents the flagellar antigen?

A

H

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6
Q

What letters represent the capsular antigen?

A

K or Vi

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7
Q

What antigen will mask the cell wall (somatic) antigen in the serological typing of Salmonella?

A

The capsular antigen, K or Vi, will mask the cell wall (somatic) antigen, O

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8
Q

How would an organism that ferments lactose and produces H2S appear on XLD?

A

yellow with black center

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9
Q

How would an organism that ferments lactose and produces H2S appear on HE?

A

orange with black center

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10
Q

What media can produce a positive result with just growth on the medium, not requiring color change?

A

citrate, KCN, malonate

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11
Q

What is the end product in the test for the enzyme phenylalanine deaminase?

A

phenylpyruvic acid

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12
Q

Which test utilizes Kovac’s reagent to test for the enzyme tryptophanase?

A

indole

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13
Q

What are the color changes observed in a positive decarboxylase test?

A

purple to yellow to purple

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14
Q

pH indicator is used to detect what type of reaction by enteric organisms?

A

acid production from a carbohydrate

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15
Q

What does A/A mean on TSI?

A

glucose fermentation in the butt and lactose and/or sucrose in the slant

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16
Q

What does K/A mean on TSI?

A

ferments glucose in the butt only

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17
Q

What does K/K mean on TSI?

A

nonfermentor

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18
Q

What is the principle of the nitrate test?

A

reduction of nitrates leads to the formation of nitrites and may progress to liberation of nitrogen gas

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19
Q

What does the development of a pink color after the addition of zinc dust indicate?

A

does not reduce nitrates

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20
Q

What biochemical test is especially useful for the detection of a late lactose fermenting organism?

A

ONPG

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21
Q

What endpoint is produced in a positive urease test that produces the alkaline reaction of the indicator?

A

ammonia is liberated raising the pH causing the phenol red indicator to turn the medium fuchsia

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22
Q

What sugar is fermented by all coliforms that is not fermented by most enteric pathogens?

A

lactose

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23
Q

What organisms is indole positive, citrate negative, and dry pink on MacConkey?

A

E. coli

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24
Q

What organisms is the most common cause of an UTI?

A

E. coli

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25
Q

What is the principle of the VP test?

A

some bacteria have the ability to produce acetylmethyl carbinol (acetoin) from glucose

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26
Q

What is the best single test to use to differentiate Enterobacter and Klebsiella?

A

motility, Klebsiella is nonmotile

27
Q

How can certain strains of Hafnia alvei be differentiated from Enterobacter aerogenes?

A

sugar fermenations

28
Q

What single test is best to use to differentiate Klebsiella oxytoca from Klebsiella pneumoniae?

A

indole, pneumoniae is negative

29
Q

What is the causative agent of bronchial pneumonia?

A

Klebsiella pneumoniae

30
Q

What is Klebsiella pneumoniae’s typical colonial morphology?

A

large, mucoid, pink, stringy colonies on Mac

31
Q

Other than motility, what test can be used to differentiate Klebsiella from Enterobacter?

A

Urea

32
Q

Which test is useful in distinguishing Citrobacter and Proteus from Salmonella?

A

Lysine decarboxylase

33
Q

How can Citrobacter freundii be differentiated from Citrobacter diversus?

A

Indole (diversus is positive) and H2S (diversus is negative)

34
Q

Which species is chromogenic, resistant to antibiotics, associated with UTI, nosocomial infections, and wound infections?

A

Serratia marcesens

35
Q

Which genus is characterized by “swarming” motility that is best observed on chocolate and sheep blood agar?

A

Proteus

36
Q

How can Proteus mirabilis and Proteus vulgaris be differentiated?

A

Indole (vulgaris is positive) and ornithine (vulgaris is negative)

37
Q

How do members of the genera Proteus and Providencia appear on LIA?

A

red slant

38
Q

Which three genera among the Enterobacteriaceae are phenylalanine positive?

A

Morganella, Providencia, and Proteus

39
Q

How can Morganella morganii be differentiated from Proteus species?

A

Morganella margin does not produce H2S or swarm

40
Q

What are the distinguishing characteristics of Yersinea pestis?

A

It is coccobacillary, encapsulated, and shows bipolar staining

41
Q

What species of Enterobacteriaceae is non-motile at 37C but motile at 25C?

A

Yersinia enterocolitica

42
Q

Which genera give the following reactions on TSI: K/A and H2S positive?

A

Salmonella (significant pathogen), Edwarsiella , and Proteus

43
Q

What is the Kauffman-White schema?

A

Describes the almost 2,000 serotypes of the genera Salmonellae

44
Q

What are the typical biochemical reactions of Salmonella typhi?

A

TSI: K/A H2S (weakly positive)

45
Q

What are the reactions of Shigella on TSI?

A

K/A no gas and no H2S

46
Q

Which species of Salmonella is most frequently recovered from the septicemic type of Salmonella infection?

A

Salmonella cholerae-suis

47
Q

What organisms will be missed if a stool sample is left to sit too long?

A

Shigella

48
Q

Which serological group of Shigella is most frequently isolated in the US?

A

Group D Shigella sonnei

49
Q

Which of the rapid ID methods for the Enterobacteriaceae has the advantage of being the easiest to set up and produces reliable results in 4 hours?

A

Micro-ID

50
Q

What age group shows the most cases of gastroenteritis due E. coli?

A

Infants and toddlers, children under 10

51
Q

What food is a frequent source of contamination with Salmonella?

A

chicken

52
Q

Which body fluid should be tested in cases of carriers of Salmonella typhi?

A

Bile

53
Q

Why do severe cases of Shigella dysenteriae produce mental confusion?

A

it produces a neurotoxin

54
Q

What is the vector for the transmission of plague?

A

rat flea

55
Q

What type of plague is the most contagious?

A

Pneumonic plague

56
Q

What test is used in the lab to differentiate E. coli 0157:H7 from normal strains of E. coli?

A

Selective Mac agar containing 1% D-sorbitol instead of lactose, which should grow clear

57
Q

In the classification of the Enterobacteriaceae, what is a tribe?

A

Group of biochemically similar genera

58
Q

What are the IMViC tests?

A

Indole Motility VP Citrate

59
Q

What would the results of IMViC for E. coli

A

+ + = =

60
Q

What is the ‘nickname’ for Klebsiella pneumoniae?

A

Friedlander’s Bacillus

61
Q

What non-pathogenic organism is so similar to Shigella biochemically that it is included in the serological typing of Shigella isolates?

A

Alkalescens dispar

62
Q

What is true food poisoning?

A

Staphylococcus produces true food poisoning due to an exotoxin in 1-4 hours

63
Q

What is a food infection?

A

Salmonella produces; have to ingest large amounts of viable organisms and takes longer

Intro to Microbiology (4 decks)

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