Exam 2 Flashcards by Paige Ray | Brainscape

Q

A

hypercellular neural tissue

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Q

Describe the picture?

A

hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy

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Q

Describe the picture?

A

Hydroencephalus

Usually develop after a grade IV Hemorrhage

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Q

Describe the picture?

A

Germinal Matrix Hemorrhage

grade 1

Notice the hemorrhages under the ependymal lining of the ventricles.

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Q

Describe the picture?

A

HIE

Notice the damage in the deep parts of sulci, ulegyria

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Q

Describe the picture?

A

Status Marmoratus

Notice marblized appearance in the thalams and basal ganglia.

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Q

Describe the picture?

A

Periventricular leukomalacia (PVL)

Notice: ischemic white matter damages. Predominantly in parieto-occipital lobes.

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Q

What cause this?

A

PVL

Notice:

white matter damages

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Q

Describe the picture?

A

cystic PVL

symmetric distribution of cavitated white matter

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Q

The germinal matrix hemorrhage presented is what grade?

A

Grade 2

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Q

The germinal matrix hemorrhage present what grade level?

A

grade 3

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Q

The germinal matrix hemorrhage present what grade level?

A

grade 4

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Q

Describe the finding

A

Kernicterus

Notice develops because of inability of immature liver to conjugate bilirubin.

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Q

Describe the finding

A

status marmoratus from hyperbilirubinemia

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Q

What matter is damaged in this slide?

A

White

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Q

What’s wrong? the disease?

A

Vessel with pervascular lymphocytic inflammation

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Q

What’s wrong? the disease?

A

Abnormal vessel with chronic inflammation

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Q

What’s wrong? the disease?

A

Macrophages are present throught. (always will stain brown)

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Q

What’s wrong? the disease?

A

Devic’s disease

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Q

What’s wrong? the disease?

A

Acute demyelination and is called Acute Disseminated encephalomyelitis, most common in kids.

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Q

What’s wrong? the disease?

A

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. Causes by JC virus. Once it enters body it remains latent until immune syste is suppressed. Dymelination disease

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Q

What’s wrong? the disease?

A

Metachromatic leukodystrophy. Oligoglia are absent, thus absence of myeline and axon loss is severe. Macrophages are also present when slide is stained for them (I wasn’t able to add that slide)

Q

What’s wrong with this brain (disease)

A

Adrenoleukodystrophy

Q

What’s present in slide and disease?

A

Alxeander’s disease produces Rosenthal fibers

Q

What’s wrong? the disease?

A

Globoid Cell leukodystrophy (Krabbe’s). Cells have a globoid appearence.

Q

What’s wrong? the disease?

A

Friedreich’s ataxia (FRDA)

Q

What’s wrong? the disease?

A

ALS, picture shows pyramids and corticospinal tracts in spinal cord

Q

What’s wrong? the disease?

A

Ubiquitin immunostains in ALS

Q

What’s wrong? the disease?

A

hyaline inclusions in ALS

Q

What’s wrong? the disease?

A

large lower motor neurons are lost in ALS (right)

Q

What’s wrong?

A

Tau positive globose NFTs found in PSP

Q

What’s wrong?

A

Globose NFTs in PSP

Q

What’s wrong?

A

depigmentation of the substantia nigra and locus ceruleus in PSP

Q

What’s wrong? the disease?

A

Rarefaction and gliosis of the putamen found in Huntingtons

Q

What’s wrong? the disease?

A

Degeneration of caudate, putamen, and the cortex. Found in Huntingtons

Q

A

Dementia with Lewy Bodies

Q

A

Dementia with Lewy Bodies

Q

A

pigment-laden macrophages, found in Parkinsons

Q

A

alpha-synuclein forming lewy bodies in Parkinsons

Q

A

Left is normal, right has macrophages found in Parkinsons

Q

A

Pick Bodies

Q

A

pick bodies

Q

A

atrophy of frontal and temporal lobes in Picks disease

Q

A

Pick cells showing neuronal loss and gliosis

Q

A

Tau protein deposits

Q

A

ghost tangles

Q

A

Neurofibrillary tangle

Q

A

plaques containing dark black, swollen, distorted axons or dendrites

Q

A

Plaque containing amyloid

Q

A

Amyloid substance surrounded by a halo of degenerating neurites and reactive glia

Q

A

Left: beta-A4 amyloid (plaques) Right: accumulation of tau (neurofibrillary tangles)

Q

A

Large left picture: Diffuse plaques

4 Right pictures: Neuritic plaques

Q

A

Normal, Early Alzheimer, Late Alzheimer, Child