Exam 2 Flashcards
Dissociative Disorder
characterized by disruption in consciousness, memory, and behavior
-appear following significant/chronic stress
Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID)
-2+ distinct personality states (or experience of pocession
-gap in the recall of events btwn switching states
Depersonalization/Derealization
-Depersonalization: feelings of unreality/detachment from ONESELF
-Derealization: feelings of detachment from the WORLD
-recurrent episodes last hours to months
Treatment of Dissociative Disorders
*disorders are rare so there is few research, many people (w/ amnesia) recover on their own
DID: goal is to integrate (unify) all personalities together (in final fusion)
Depersonalization: alleviate secondary mental symptoms (comorbid disorder)
Anxiety (3 characteristics)
1) fear: emotional response to real/perceived threat
2) stress: physiological response to internal or external stress
3) anxiety: anticipation of future events
Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) (3 characteristics)
1) excessive anxiety/worry for 6+ months
2) difficulty controlling worry
3) associated w/ 3 symptoms (ex. restlessness, irritability, sleep disturbance)
Treatment of GAD (3)
1) psychotherapy: first line, incudes CBT and applied relaxation
2) psychopharmacology: SRIs & SNRIS
3) Biofeedback: individual controls reactions
Trauma and Stress
Stressor: event increasing physical/psychological demands on individual (causes discomfort)
Trauma: any disturbing experience resulting in disruptive feelings
*STRESS DOES NOT EQUAL TRAUMA BUT TRAUMA DOES EQUAL STRESS
6 Conditions of PTSD
1) exposure to death, injury, or sexual violence in ONE of more ways
2) presence of ONE or more intrusion symptoms
3) avoidance of stimuli associated w/ trauma (1+)
4) negative alterations of mood (2 or more symptoms)
5) marked alterations of mood arousal (2 or more symptoms)
6) disturbances last 1+ months
Acute Stress Disorder (& 5 categories)
Presence of 9+ symptoms
1) intrusion
2) negative mood
3) dissociation
4) avoidance
5) arousal
Race-Based Traumatic Stress
emotional stress of BIPOC’s b/c of racial discrimination
-should be clinically treated
Trauma Treatment
First-Line: prolonged exposure & cognitive processing therapy, desensitization, trauma focused CBT
*not recommended: psychological debriefing
Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD)
fear of social situations where an individual may face scrutiny - social situations are avoided to prevent this
Treatment Options of SAD (3)
1) exposure
2) social skills training
3) cognitive reconstruction (CBT)
Specific Phobia
marked by fear/anxiety about an object/situation
-lasts 6+ months
-Treatment: exposure hierarchy
Panic Disorder (4 conditions)
1) recurrent panic attacks involving 4+ symptoms
2) minimum of 1 attack was followed by persistent concern/behavior change for 1+ months
3) not due to substance use
4) not better explained by other disorders
Agoraphobia (5 fears)
(def) fear due to lack of escape or accessibility to help
*must include 2+/5 fears
1) use of public transportation
2) being in open spaces
3) being in enclosed spaces
4) standing in line/being alone in a crowd
5) being outside of home alone
Somatic Symptom Disorder (3 conditions)
presence of somatic (physical) symptoms/illness anxiety - suffering is more extreme than symptoms
1) 1+ distressing symptoms affect daily life
2) excessive thoughts of somatic symptoms/health concerns
3) conditions last 6+ months
Illness Anxiety Disorder
obsession/stress of having/getting a serious illness
-somatic symptoms are present/mild
-high anxiety about health
-individual performs obsessive/maladaptive behaviors
-persists for 6+ months
Functional Neurological Symptom Disorder (Conversion Disorder)
-1+ symptoms of altered motor/sensory function
-clinical findings show incompatibility btwn symptoms/recognized conditions
-symptoms align w/ disorder but are inconsistent for diagnosis
Factitious Disorder & Imposed
falsification of physical/psychological symptoms or deception of injury
*imposed is by another onto the victim
Treatment of factitious disorder (3 types)
1) biopsychosocial: individual works w/ multiple provider types
2) psychotherapy: interpersonal; cognitive behavioral approach
3) psychopharmacology: not recommended
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) & Treatment
presence of obsessions and/or compulsions, thoughts/actions take 1+ hours a day
Treatment: psychotherapy (first line), psychopharmacology
Obsessions
*defined by 1/2
1) persistent intrusive thoughts/urges causing anxiety
2) attempts to ignore thoughts/urges by focusing on other thoughts/actions
Compulsions
*defined by 1/2
1) repetitive behaviors/mental acts responding to an obsession (follow rigid rules)
2) behaviors/mental acts aimed to prevent anxiety or dreaded (often unrealistic) situation
Hoarding Disorder (3 reasons)
(def) persistent difficulty discarding/parting w/ possessions regardless of value
1) perceived utility
2) aesthetic value
3) sentimental attachment
*No single treatment, combines multiple approaches
Body Dysmorphic Disorder
preoccupation w/ 1+ perceived defects oh physical appearance that are NOT observable to others
-individual has performed behaviors and mental acts for 3-8 hours/day
