439 - Personality Disorders (Final) Flashcards
Personality Traits
patterns of perceiving, relating to, and thinking about the environment and oneself that are exhibited in a wide range of social/personality contexts
Personality
a person’s characteristic manner of thinking, reeling, behaving, and relating
5 Factor Model - Personality Dimensions (OCEAN)
Openness - Closedness
Conscientiousness - Disinhibition
Extroversion - Introversion
Agreeableness - Antagonism
Neuroticism - Emotional Stability
Personality Disorder (def)
enduring pattern of inner experience and behavior that deviates from norms and expectations of culture
-pervasive and inflexible
-onset in adolescents/early adulthood
-stable over time
-leads to distress/impairment
How are personality disorders organized?
Organized by 3 (ABC) clusters
-little supporting evidence of this but still how the DSM organizes them
Characteristics and Disorders of Cluster A
Odd and Eccentric
Includes…
-Paranoid Personality Disorder
-Schizoid Personality Disorder
-Schizotypal Persoanlity Disorder
Characteristics and Disorders of Cluster B
dramatic, emotional, or erratic
Includes…
-antisocial personality disorder
-borderline personality disorder
-histrionic personality disorder
-narcissistic personality disorder
Characteristics and Disorders of Cluster C
anxious or fearful
Includes…
-avoidant personality disorder
-dependent personality disorder
-obsessive compulsive personality disorder
Paranoid Personality Disorder
marked distrust and suspicion of others (cluster a)
-believe others motives are intended to harm them
-skeptical of establishing close relationships
-*higher in men
Schizoid Personality Disorder
persistent pattern of avoidance of social relationships (cluster a)
-lack of desire to engage in social relationships
-limited range of emotion among social relationships
-*equal across genders
Schizotypal Personality Disorder
persistent discomfort in social relationships and situations (cluster a)
-odd cognitive or perceptual distortions (hallucinations, disorganized speech)
-*higher in men
Antisocial Personality Disorder
persistent pattern of disregard for/violation of the rights of others, social norms, and legal rules (cluster b)
-little remorse for behavior
-impulsive, irritable, agressive
-*higher in men
Borderline Personality Disorder
pervasive pattern of instability in interpersonal relationships, self image, and affect (cluster b)
-difficulty controlling emotions
-highly stigmatized
-higher in women
Histrionic Personality Disorder
pervasive and excessive emotionality and attention seeking (cluster b)
-uncomfortable in social situations when not the center of attention
-theatrical in nature
-*equal across genders
Narcissistic Personality Disorder
patterns of grandiosity + lack of empathy (cluster b)
-quick to react to anger
-fragile self esteem
-*higher in men
avoidant personality disorder
pervasive pattern of social anxiety due to feelings of inadequacy + increased sensitivity to negative evaluations (cluster c)
-reluctant to engage socially
-few relationships BUT desire for ones present
-*higher in women
dependent personality disorder
pervasive and excessive need to be taken care of by others due to fears of abandonment or separation from important attachment figure (cluster c)
-submissiveness
-allow others to control life/decisions
-*higher in women
Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder
preoccupation with orderliness, perfectionism, and the ability to control situations, causes impairment
-inflexible
-excessive time spent on tasks
-*equal across genders
Personality Disorders must… (4)
-have childhood antecedents
-be relatively stable across the lifespan (particularly in the absence of treatment)
-be pervasive and inflexibility
-cause distress or impairment
Common Comorbidities Overall
-mood disorders (major depressive, bipolar, persistent depressive)
-anxiety disorders
-substance use disorder
Treatment of Personality Disorders
evidence based form of CBT for borderline personality disorder
-*dialectical behavior therapy
