439 Exam 3 Flashcards
Anorexia Nervosa 3 Qualifiers
1) restriction of energy intake - results in significantly low body weight
2) Intense fear of gaining weight or persistent behavior to interfere with weight gain
3) disturbances in how body/weight is perceived by individual or lack of recognition of low body weight
*weight loss never satiates desire for thinness
AN Specifiers
1) symptoms over 3+ month course
2) can change to different subtypes (restricting/binge eating + purging)
Restricting Type AN
in the last 3 months weight loss is primarily accomplished by dieting, fasting, or excessive exercise
Binge Eating/Purge Type AN
in the last 3 months there have recurrent episodes of binge eating or purging behavior
*Mainly comorbid w/ substance use disorder
AN prevalence and comorbidity
Prevalence: higher in women, begins in adolescence
Comorbid w/ bipolar, depression, and anxiety
Treatment of AN
1) adress medical concerns of weight loss
2) CBT - change behaviors + thoughts
3) For Children: family based therapy
Bulimia Nervosa 5 Qualifiers
1) recurrent episodes of binge eating are characterized by both…
-eating larger than average amounts in a specific time frame
-lack of control over consumption
2) Recurrent Compensatory Behavior to prevent weight gain
3) binge eating + compensatory behavior occur at least 1x/week for 3 months
4) Self-evaluation is unduly influenced by body shape/weight
5) disturbance does not exclusively occur during episodes of AN
BN and BED 2 main characterizations
Recurrent episodes of binge eating are characterized by both…
-eating larger than average amounts in a specific time frame
-lack of control over consumption
BN prevalence and comorbidity
Prevalence: higher in women, begins in adolescents
Comorbid w/ bipolar, depressive, anxiety, personality disorders
Treatment of BN
1) eliminate bingeing + compensatory behavior
2) CBT - change behaviors + thoughts
3) For Children: interpersonal therapy
Main difference between AN and BN
With bulimia nervosa the individual feels shame during/after bingeing episodes
Binge Eating Disorder 4 Qualifiers
1) Recurrent Episodes of binge eating are characterized by both…
-eating larger than average amounts in a specific time frame
-lack of control over consumption
2) binge eating episodes are associated with 3 or more of the following…
-eating more rapidly than normal
-eating until uncomfortably full
-eating large amounts when not physically hungry
-eating alone b/c of embarrassment of quantities consumed
-feeling disgusted, depressed, or guilty after bingeing
3) presence of distress regarding bingeing
4) bingeing occurs 1x/week for 3 months
Main difference of BED from BN and AN
In binge eating disorder bingeing is NOT associated with compensatory behavior
BED Prevalence and Comorbidity
Prevalence: most common eating disorder, higher in women, begins in adolescents
Comorbid w/ obesity/health concerns, major depressive disorder, alcohol use disorder
Treatment of BED
1) eliminate bingeing
2) CBT - change thoughts/behaviors
3) interpersonal psychotherapy
Considerations of all Eating Disorders (2)
1) medication may not be helpful
2) helpful to treat comorbid disorders/symptoms with antidepressants
Etiology of Eating Disorders
*special attention to biological and personality
-Biological: disruption in the [neuroendocrine system]
-Personality: [perfectionism]
-Cognitive/Behavioral: obsessive thoughts a/b ones body, distortions in thinking, impulsivity
-Sociocultural: cultural beauty standards, gender discrepancies
Substances (def)
any ingested materials that cause temporary symptoms within an individual
-ex. alcohol, caffeine, cannabis
-*note drugs are neither good nor bad
Tolerance (def)
when an individual must take increasing amounts of a drug to achieve the same effect due to [cellular process]
defined by either…
1) need for increased amounts to achieve desired effect
2) marked diminished effect with use of same/normal amount
Withdrawal (def)
syndrome that develops after an individual stops using a drug they used perviously for an extended period of time
[-symptoms are often the opposite of the effects of the drug]
manifested by either…
1) characteristic withdrawal symptoms of specific substance
2) substance (or a closely related one) is taken to relive/avoid symptoms
Substance Use Disorder (def)
mild to severe forms of chronically relapsing compulsive patterns of drug/substance use
-diagnostic criteria is the same for all substances
[-there is no diagnosis for caffeine use disorder]
SUD Diagnostic Criteria def + 3 symptom examples
a problematic pattern of substance use leading to clinically significant impairment/distress manifested by at least 2 symptoms over a 12 month period
3 Examples:
1)substance use is taken in larger amounts over longer periods
2) persistent desire/unsuccessful efforts to cut down on use of substance
3) a great deal of time is spent on activities necessary to obtain/use or recover from effects
5 Classifications of Drugs
1) depressants: alcohol, sedatives, opioids
2) stimulants: cocaine, caffeine, amphetamines
3) cannabinoids: marijuana
4) hallucinogens
5) Polysubstance Use (use of multiple substance types at one time)
Alcohol depresses…
central nervous system activity
