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Paleontology > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Arthropoda

A

Precambrian-Rec
Myriopods, trilobites, crustacea, hexapods

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2
Q

Features of Arthopods

A

jointed legs: two division on end of leg, biamorous or uniamorous
compound eyes
metamorphosis
body segments

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3
Q

Body segments of arthopods

A

Head, thorax, abdomen OR
Cephalothorax and abdomen
Antannae, eye, carapice

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4
Q

Chelicerata animals and dates

A

Ticks, mites, arachnids, scorpions, sea spiders, horseshoe crabs. Cambrian to recent

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5
Q

Horseshoe crabs

A

c-rec

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6
Q

Eurypterids

A

O-perm

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7
Q

Spiders and scorpions

A

S- rec

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8
Q

meryarachne

A

thought to be a spider, but it was a sea scorpion the size of the head

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9
Q

Crustacea

A

Barnacles: O-red
Ostrocoda: O-rec; live in extreme conditions
Malacostraca: C- rec, crabs, crayfish, lobsters

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10
Q

Trilobitomorpha

A

Pc-Perm
Anterior, cephalon, thorax, pygdium, occipital ring, pleura, axial ring, pygdial border, posterior

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11
Q

Hexapoda

A

S-Rec
Insects
3 segmented parts
wings or no wings
antennae

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12
Q

Chilopoda

A

1 pair of legs per body seg
flattened
venom- carnivores
15 or more trunk segments
2 antennae/eyes compound
glow in dark

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13
Q

Myriapoda

A

Milies and Centies- Sil-Rec
Many footed
Elongated body w/many segments
single pair antennae
simple eyes
mandibles
maxillae
sexually dimorphic
nocturnal

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14
Q

Diplopoda

A

two pairs of legs
rounded bodies
25-100 seg
herbivores
curl into dfensive ball
acid spray, poison

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15
Q

Protists

A

Everything except prokaryots, animals, fungi, and vascular plants

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16
Q

autotrophs

A

organisms convert inorganic matter to food

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17
Q

heterotrophs

A

eat organic debris or other organisms

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18
Q

phytoplankton

A

obtain energy from photosynthesis, autotrophic

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19
Q

zooplankton

A

small metazoans that feed on other plankton. heterotrophs

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20
Q

nanoplankton

A

small, 2-20 microns, major food source of zooplankton

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21
Q

Autotrophic protists

A

Acritarchs, dinoflagellates, coccolithophores, diatoms

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22
Q

Heterotrphs

A

formanifera, radiolaria

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23
Q

Acritarchs

A

bigger, spiky
50-100 um
hollow, projections on exterior
marine phytoplankton
composition: organic material
cyst stages in the life cycle of planktonic algae
great index fossils in early Paleozoic, better in Pc
Pc-rec?

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24
Q

Dinoflagellates

A

Motile stage
Benthic stage
Sil-rec
eukaryotic
marine phytoplankton
zooxanthellae
organic
red tides, luminescent
similar to architarchs, fresh + marine
algal cysts
tolerant to diff temps/salinities

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25
Q

Coccolithophores

A

Chalk, biogenic
Tri-rec
composition:calcite
small <50 um
phytoplankton marine/ nanoplankton
skeleton made up of 10-30 8-10 um in size
like photic zone and normal salinity
great for paleotemperature analysis

26
Q

Taphonomy

A

Necrology: how
Biostratinomy: during
Diagensis: under surface

27
Q

Changes of plants on land?

A

Protective mechanisms
root system
reproductive mechanisms
not dry out (dessication)
germination
diverse terrestrial environments
uv rays
chloroplasts

28
Q

Earliest vascular plant

A

mid silurian

29
Q

Diatoms

A

Jur-rec
Silica composition
<200 um
radiation in cretaceous, peaked in miocene
circular and elyptical
Diatomic ooze
all environments

30
Q

Radiolaria

A

C-rec
silica composition
0.03-1.5mm
1. spumellaria (circular)
2. nassellaria (bumpy)
single celled but complex
live at all levels of water, preserved at great depths

31
Q

Carbon Compensation Depth

A

Depth where carbon dissolves

32
Q

Formanifera

A

composition is calcareous
shallow depths- ooze
fusulinids
only the calcareous types fossilize, but can be organic or agglutinated
“rice grains”
got bigger over time to permian
big extinctions in: perm, cret, and paleocene

33
Q

Rhynie Chert (Scotland)

A

Devonian
rhyniophytes
homeophylon
permineralized in 3d
lauderstatten
zylum

34
Q

Homeophylon

A

missing link between

35
Q

Green algae

A

850 ma
colonized shallow waters and shores
chlorophyll
no vascular tissues
gametophyte and sporophyte
starch as food/energy source
cell walls of cellulose

36
Q

Hornworts, liverworts, mosses

A

Bryophytes- no true roots or leaves, shoots/roots, close to ground, near water. spores

37
Q

Vascular v Non vascular

A

Transport system, grows tall, dies without water - vascular

Needs light, photosynthesis- both

no transport system, close to ground, dormant through drought - no vascular

38
Q

Xylem and phloem system draw

A

dermal tissue, ground tissue, xylem, phloem

39
Q

Microphyll v Megaphyll

A

Microphyll one line, megaphyll many line

40
Q

Sporophytes

A

multicellular individual that produces spores by meiosis. Haploid cells that will become gametophyte.

41
Q

Gametophyte

A

Multicellular individual that produces the gametes
fuse in fertilization for the zygote

42
Q

Zygote

A

diploid cell that becomes a sphorophyte

43
Q

sorophylls

A

modified leaves with sporangia

44
Q

Rhyniophytes

A

Sil-eDev
vascular, seedless
few mm-6.5 cm
dichotomous branching
marshy
sporangia terminal
rhizomes (horizontal primitive root)

45
Q

Zosterophylls (

A

eD-lD)

few cm tall
dichotomous branching
marshy
rhizomes
closely related to lycopods

46
Q

Lycophytes (club mosses)

A

lSil-eD- rec

large trees (lepidodendron)
50-60m
dicho branching
microphylls
leaf scars
sporangia on surface of sporophylls
branching rhizomes
stigmaria (roots)
todays: ground pines, spike mosses, quillwort

47
Q

Sphenophytes

A

lD-rec

30m
jointed hollow stem w/nodes
equistem- only living genus
microphyll in whorls
rhizomes

48
Q

Pteridophytes (true ferns(

A

mDev-rec
tree ferns
megaphyll, true leaves, no flowers,
dry environment
horizontal rhizomes

49
Q

Archaeopteris

A

LDev-LCarb
Fern like, woody tissue, up to 80ft
similar to fern
drier
2 types of spores, heterosporous

50
Q

Seed fern- pteridospermatophyta

A

Fernlike- glossopteris,
eDev-Jur

51
Q

Cordaitales

A

eC-end TRi
protoconifers
seeds not rare
seed bearing cones
strap like leaves
100 ft tall
ancestor of conifers, cycads, bennettitales, and ginkoes

52
Q

Conifers

A

Wooded trees w/needles or scaly leaves
seeds in cones
upland environments

53
Q

Cycads

A

ecarb-rec
woody,stemmed plants with palm or fern like leaves
leaf faces on trunk
center comes for reproduction
boomed in mesozoic
large compound leaaves

54
Q

Bennettitales

A

Tr-Late K

Reesemble cycads w.flower-like cones
no leaf faces on trunk

55
Q

Ginkgoes

A

Perm/tri- rec
woody w/fan-shaped leaves
no cones
bitobed leaves
shed seasonally
male and female plants

56
Q

Gnetales

A

Late Tr-rec
unusual group w/cone clusters resembling flowers
long leaves, precurser to angiosperms

57
Q

Angiosperms

A

Jur-rec
plants with flowers, seeds in fruit, pollinators

58
Q

Monocots

A

1 seed leaf produced by the embryo

59
Q

Dicots

A

2 seed leaf

60
Q

Seeds v pores

A
  1. seeds have multicellular embryotic plant in 1 seed, spores are one singular cell
  2. Seeds contain food supply
  3. Seeds have a resistant, protective coat
  4. Seeds fertilize and pollinate, and are independent of free H2O

Paleontology (2 decks)

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