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Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Arthropoda

A

Precambrian-Rec
Myriopods, trilobites, crustacea, hexapods

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2
Q

Features of Arthopods

A

jointed legs: two division on end of leg, biamorous or uniamorous
compound eyes
metamorphosis
body segments

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3
Q

Body segments of arthopods

A

Head, thorax, abdomen OR
Cephalothorax and abdomen
Antannae, eye, carapice

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4
Q

Chelicerata animals and dates

A

Ticks, mites, arachnids, scorpions, sea spiders, horseshoe crabs. Cambrian to recent

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5
Q

Horseshoe crabs

A

c-rec

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6
Q

Eurypterids

A

O-perm

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7
Q

Spiders and scorpions

A

S- rec

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8
Q

meryarachne

A

thought to be a spider, but it was a sea scorpion the size of the head

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9
Q

Crustacea

A

Barnacles: O-red
Ostrocoda: O-rec; live in extreme conditions
Malacostraca: C- rec, crabs, crayfish, lobsters

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10
Q

Trilobitomorpha

A

Pc-Perm
Anterior, cephalon, thorax, pygdium, occipital ring, pleura, axial ring, pygdial border, posterior

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11
Q

Hexapoda

A

S-Rec
Insects
3 segmented parts
wings or no wings
antennae

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12
Q

Chilopoda

A

1 pair of legs per body seg
flattened
venom- carnivores
15 or more trunk segments
2 antennae/eyes compound
glow in dark

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13
Q

Myriapoda

A

Milies and Centies- Sil-Rec
Many footed
Elongated body w/many segments
single pair antennae
simple eyes
mandibles
maxillae
sexually dimorphic
nocturnal

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14
Q

Diplopoda

A

two pairs of legs
rounded bodies
25-100 seg
herbivores
curl into dfensive ball
acid spray, poison

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15
Q

Protists

A

Everything except prokaryots, animals, fungi, and vascular plants

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16
Q

autotrophs

A

organisms convert inorganic matter to food

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17
Q

heterotrophs

A

eat organic debris or other organisms

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18
Q

phytoplankton

A

obtain energy from photosynthesis, autotrophic

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19
Q

zooplankton

A

small metazoans that feed on other plankton. heterotrophs

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20
Q

nanoplankton

A

small, 2-20 microns, major food source of zooplankton

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21
Q

Autotrophic protists

A

Acritarchs, dinoflagellates, coccolithophores, diatoms

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22
Q

Heterotrphs

A

formanifera, radiolaria

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23
Q

Acritarchs

A

bigger, spiky
50-100 um
hollow, projections on exterior
marine phytoplankton
composition: organic material
cyst stages in the life cycle of planktonic algae
great index fossils in early Paleozoic, better in Pc
Pc-rec?

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24
Q

Dinoflagellates

A

Motile stage
Benthic stage
Sil-rec
eukaryotic
marine phytoplankton
zooxanthellae
organic
red tides, luminescent
similar to architarchs, fresh + marine
algal cysts
tolerant to diff temps/salinities

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25
Coccolithophores
Chalk, biogenic Tri-rec composition:calcite small <50 um phytoplankton marine/ nanoplankton skeleton made up of 10-30 8-10 um in size like photic zone and normal salinity great for paleotemperature analysis
26
Taphonomy
Necrology: how Biostratinomy: during Diagensis: under surface
27
Changes of plants on land?
Protective mechanisms root system reproductive mechanisms not dry out (dessication) germination diverse terrestrial environments uv rays chloroplasts
28
Earliest vascular plant
mid silurian
29
Diatoms
Jur-rec Silica composition <200 um radiation in cretaceous, peaked in miocene circular and elyptical Diatomic ooze all environments
30
Radiolaria
C-rec silica composition 0.03-1.5mm 1. spumellaria (circular) 2. nassellaria (bumpy) single celled but complex live at all levels of water, preserved at great depths
31
Carbon Compensation Depth
Depth where carbon dissolves
32
Formanifera
composition is calcareous shallow depths- ooze fusulinids only the calcareous types fossilize, but can be organic or agglutinated "rice grains" got bigger over time to permian big extinctions in: perm, cret, and paleocene
33
Rhynie Chert (Scotland)
Devonian rhyniophytes homeophylon permineralized in 3d lauderstatten zylum
34
Homeophylon
missing link between
35
Green algae
850 ma colonized shallow waters and shores chlorophyll no vascular tissues gametophyte and sporophyte starch as food/energy source cell walls of cellulose
36
Hornworts, liverworts, mosses
Bryophytes- no true roots or leaves, shoots/roots, close to ground, near water. spores
37
Vascular v Non vascular
Transport system, grows tall, dies without water - vascular Needs light, photosynthesis- both no transport system, close to ground, dormant through drought - no vascular
38
Xylem and phloem system draw
dermal tissue, ground tissue, xylem, phloem
39
Microphyll v Megaphyll
Microphyll one line, megaphyll many line
40
Sporophytes
multicellular individual that produces spores by meiosis. Haploid cells that will become gametophyte.
41
Gametophyte
Multicellular individual that produces the gametes fuse in fertilization for the zygote
42
Zygote
diploid cell that becomes a sphorophyte
43
sorophylls
modified leaves with sporangia
44
Rhyniophytes
Sil-eDev vascular, seedless few mm-6.5 cm dichotomous branching marshy sporangia terminal rhizomes (horizontal primitive root)
45
Zosterophylls (
eD-lD) few cm tall dichotomous branching marshy rhizomes closely related to lycopods
46
Lycophytes (club mosses)
lSil-eD- rec large trees (lepidodendron) 50-60m dicho branching microphylls leaf scars sporangia on surface of sporophylls branching rhizomes stigmaria (roots) todays: ground pines, spike mosses, quillwort
47
Sphenophytes
lD-rec 30m jointed hollow stem w/nodes equistem- only living genus microphyll in whorls rhizomes
48
Pteridophytes (true ferns(
mDev-rec tree ferns megaphyll, true leaves, no flowers, dry environment horizontal rhizomes
49
Archaeopteris
LDev-LCarb Fern like, woody tissue, up to 80ft similar to fern drier 2 types of spores, heterosporous
50
Seed fern- pteridospermatophyta
Fernlike- glossopteris, eDev-Jur
51
Cordaitales
eC-end TRi protoconifers seeds not rare seed bearing cones strap like leaves 100 ft tall ancestor of conifers, cycads, bennettitales, and ginkoes
52
Conifers
Wooded trees w/needles or scaly leaves seeds in cones upland environments
53
Cycads
ecarb-rec woody,stemmed plants with palm or fern like leaves leaf faces on trunk center comes for reproduction boomed in mesozoic large compound leaaves
54
Bennettitales
Tr-Late K Reesemble cycads w.flower-like cones no leaf faces on trunk
55
Ginkgoes
Perm/tri- rec woody w/fan-shaped leaves no cones bitobed leaves shed seasonally male and female plants
56
Gnetales
Late Tr-rec unusual group w/cone clusters resembling flowers long leaves, precurser to angiosperms
57
Angiosperms
Jur-rec plants with flowers, seeds in fruit, pollinators
58
Monocots
1 seed leaf produced by the embryo
59
Dicots
2 seed leaf
60
Seeds v pores
1. seeds have multicellular embryotic plant in 1 seed, spores are one singular cell 2. Seeds contain food supply 3. Seeds have a resistant, protective coat 4. Seeds fertilize and pollinate, and are independent of free H2O

Paleontology (4 decks)

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