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A&P2 > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Effect of parasympathetic nervous system

A

increased gastrointestinal motility

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2
Q

effect of the sympathetic nervous system

A

increased heart rate

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3
Q

from what level of the spinal cord do preganglionic sympathetic fibers arise

A

T1-L2

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4
Q

pelvic splanchnic nerves arise from what spinal levels

A

S2-S4

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5
Q

the vagus nerve carries what type of fibers

A

parasympathetic fibers

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6
Q

what cranial nerve does not contain parasympathetic fibers

A

trigeminal nerve

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7
Q

what name is given to a parasympathetic ganglion that is contained within an organ

A

intramural ganglia

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8
Q

the sympathetic (adrenergic) effect upon the iris will cause which of the following to occur?

A

increase in pupil size

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9
Q

what is the name of the middle muscular layer of the heart?

A

myocardium

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10
Q

what region does not drain blood into the inferior vena cava

A

left forearm and hand

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11
Q

the fossa ovalis/foramen ovale is located in what structure

A

interatrial septum

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12
Q

what valve is located between the right ventricle and the pulmonary trunk?

A

pulmonary semilunar valve

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13
Q

which of the following carried deoxygenated blood to the lungs?

A

pulmonary arteries

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14
Q

what is the correct name for the adult structure that connects the pulmonary trunk and the aorta?

A

ligamentum arteriosum

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15
Q

oxygenated blood from the lungs empties into what chamber of the heart?

A

left atrium

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16
Q

what is the correct name for the heart valve that separates the left atrium from the left ventricle

A

bicuspid or mitral valve

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17
Q

what is the correct name for the heart valve that separates the left ventricle from the aorta

A

aortic semilunar valve

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18
Q

the right and left coronary arteries arise just beyond what heart valve

A

aortic semilunar valve

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19
Q

what artery is posterior to the pulmonary trunk

A

Left coronary artery

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20
Q

what two veins empty into the coronary sinus

A

great cardiac vein and middle cardiac vein

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21
Q

the coronary sinus empties into what chamber of the heart

A

right atrium

22
Q

cardiac muscles is not

A

only capable of using glucose as a fuel source

23
Q

from which structure does the electric activity in the heart arise

A

SA node

24
Q

what area of the conduction system “catches” the electrical signal and briefly holds onto the signal before passing the signal on to the next area

A

AV node

25
Q

what ion continually leaks into the SA node causing depolarization (pacemaker potential)

A

sodium

26
Q

the left vagus nerve decreases the heart rate by innervating which of the following

A

av node

27
Q

what is the resting membrane potential for a cardiac muscle cell

A

-90 mV

28
Q

what is the rest membrane potential for a heart conducting cell (nodal cell)

A

-60 mV

29
Q

what ion enters nodal cells during the depolarization phase

A

calcium

30
Q

what ion enters the contractile cells during the plateau phase

A

calcium

31
Q

if a person ECG shows no P-wave where may the problem be located

A

no SA node activity

32
Q

what occurs during atrial systole (contraction)

A

volume of blood that has filled the ventricles is called the end-systolic volume (ESV)

33
Q

the contraction of ventricles without ejection of blood is called

A

isovolumetric contraction

34
Q

which of the following occurs during ventricular systole?

A

semilunar valves open and blood is moving into the pulmonary trunk and aorta

35
Q

what is an individual’s end diastolic volume (EDV) if stroke volume is 65ml and end systolic volume is 85ml

A

150 ml

36
Q

a person’s heart rate is found to be excessively high, which of the following would decrease the heart rate?

A

beta blocker drugs

37
Q

what negative chronotropic agent would decrease the heart rate

A

beta-blocker drugs

38
Q

what positive chronotropic agent increases cAMP and heart rate

A

caffein

39
Q

parasympathetic innervation to the heart results in which of the following

A

binding of ACH to voltage gated K+ channels causing hyperpolarization as K+ leaves cells

40
Q

venous return (preload), inotropic agents and afterload can directly alter which of the following?

A

stroke volume

41
Q

which of the following describes the protective mechanism of the hear that prevents the atria from overfilling

A

atrial reflex

42
Q

which of the following correctly describes a sinusoid

A

contain large discontinuous pores in the endothelium and basement membrane

43
Q

what is the name of the structure that allows blood to pass directly from the arteriole side of a capillary bed to the venule side without entering the capillaries?

A

Merarteriole/thoroughfare channel

44
Q

which of the following describes a circulatory route that consists of two capillary beds

A

portal system

45
Q

which of the following substances acts as a vasodialator

A

histamine

46
Q

which of the following statements is correct regarding the arterial side of capillary bed

A

net hydrostatic pressure forces fluid (plasma) from the blood into tissues

47
Q

approximately what percent of interstitial fluid is not reabsorbed at the venous end of the capillary bed?

A

10-15%

48
Q

what artery would have the weakest pulse

A

dorsalis pedis artery

49
Q

in which of the following would the blood flow be the slowest

A

capillaries

50
Q

in which of the following would the blood pressure be the lowest

A

veins

51
Q
A

A&P2 (5 decks)

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