Exam 2 Flashcards
Effect of parasympathetic nervous system
increased gastrointestinal motility
effect of the sympathetic nervous system
increased heart rate
from what level of the spinal cord do preganglionic sympathetic fibers arise
T1-L2
pelvic splanchnic nerves arise from what spinal levels
S2-S4
the vagus nerve carries what type of fibers
parasympathetic fibers
what cranial nerve does not contain parasympathetic fibers
trigeminal nerve
what name is given to a parasympathetic ganglion that is contained within an organ
intramural ganglia
the sympathetic (adrenergic) effect upon the iris will cause which of the following to occur?
increase in pupil size
what is the name of the middle muscular layer of the heart?
myocardium
what region does not drain blood into the inferior vena cava
left forearm and hand
the fossa ovalis/foramen ovale is located in what structure
interatrial septum
what valve is located between the right ventricle and the pulmonary trunk?
pulmonary semilunar valve
which of the following carried deoxygenated blood to the lungs?
pulmonary arteries
what is the correct name for the adult structure that connects the pulmonary trunk and the aorta?
ligamentum arteriosum
oxygenated blood from the lungs empties into what chamber of the heart?
left atrium
what is the correct name for the heart valve that separates the left atrium from the left ventricle
bicuspid or mitral valve
what is the correct name for the heart valve that separates the left ventricle from the aorta
aortic semilunar valve
the right and left coronary arteries arise just beyond what heart valve
aortic semilunar valve
what artery is posterior to the pulmonary trunk
Left coronary artery
what two veins empty into the coronary sinus
great cardiac vein and middle cardiac vein
the coronary sinus empties into what chamber of the heart
right atrium
cardiac muscles is not
only capable of using glucose as a fuel source
from which structure does the electric activity in the heart arise
SA node
what area of the conduction system “catches” the electrical signal and briefly holds onto the signal before passing the signal on to the next area
AV node
what ion continually leaks into the SA node causing depolarization (pacemaker potential)
sodium
the left vagus nerve decreases the heart rate by innervating which of the following
av node
what is the resting membrane potential for a cardiac muscle cell
-90 mV
what is the rest membrane potential for a heart conducting cell (nodal cell)
-60 mV
what ion enters nodal cells during the depolarization phase
calcium
what ion enters the contractile cells during the plateau phase
calcium
if a person ECG shows no P-wave where may the problem be located
no SA node activity
what occurs during atrial systole (contraction)
volume of blood that has filled the ventricles is called the end-systolic volume (ESV)
the contraction of ventricles without ejection of blood is called
isovolumetric contraction
which of the following occurs during ventricular systole?
semilunar valves open and blood is moving into the pulmonary trunk and aorta
what is an individual’s end diastolic volume (EDV) if stroke volume is 65ml and end systolic volume is 85ml
150 ml
a person’s heart rate is found to be excessively high, which of the following would decrease the heart rate?
beta blocker drugs
what negative chronotropic agent would decrease the heart rate
beta-blocker drugs
what positive chronotropic agent increases cAMP and heart rate
caffein
parasympathetic innervation to the heart results in which of the following
binding of ACH to voltage gated K+ channels causing hyperpolarization as K+ leaves cells
venous return (preload), inotropic agents and afterload can directly alter which of the following?
stroke volume
which of the following describes the protective mechanism of the hear that prevents the atria from overfilling
atrial reflex
which of the following correctly describes a sinusoid
contain large discontinuous pores in the endothelium and basement membrane
what is the name of the structure that allows blood to pass directly from the arteriole side of a capillary bed to the venule side without entering the capillaries?
Merarteriole/thoroughfare channel
which of the following describes a circulatory route that consists of two capillary beds
portal system
which of the following substances acts as a vasodialator
histamine
which of the following statements is correct regarding the arterial side of capillary bed
net hydrostatic pressure forces fluid (plasma) from the blood into tissues
approximately what percent of interstitial fluid is not reabsorbed at the venous end of the capillary bed?
10-15%
what artery would have the weakest pulse
dorsalis pedis artery
in which of the following would the blood flow be the slowest
capillaries
in which of the following would the blood pressure be the lowest
veins