AP2 exam 3 Flashcards
area of the body drained by right lymphatic duct
right side of head, right neck, right upper extremity, right abdominal cavity
area of the body drained by thoracic duct
both lower extremities, left upper extremity, left abdominal cavity, left side of head and neck
3 muscles that function during forced inspiration
sternocleidomastoid, scalenes, pectoralis minor
3 muscles that function during forced expiration
external obliques, transverse abdominus, internal intercostals
2 factors that directly affect the alveolar exchange
pulmonary compliance, diameter of airway
list each respiratory division that you would pass through to reach the alveoli if you were an oxygen molecule in the larynx
larynx-trachea-primary bronchi-secondary bronchi-tertiary bronchi- bronchioles- alveolar duct-alveolar sac- alveoli
hydrogen binding to hemoglobin resulting in oxygen release
bohr effect
detect and destroy abnormal/cancerous tissues/cells
Natural Killer Cells
connect the nasopharynx with the middle ear
Pharyngotympanic tube
produces surfactant
Type II cells
Ease at which the lungs can expand
pulmonary compliance
abnormally low systemic blood PCO2 due to hyperventilation
Respiratory Alkalosis
Increase in the depth of respiration, but not the rate
Hyperpnea
Responsible for removing worn-out erythrocytes from circulation
spleen
decrease in arterial PCO2 that results in no impulses sent to the inspiratory area
hypocapnia
collects all the lymphatic fluid from abdomen and lower extremities
cisterna chyli
increase in arterial PCO2 which stimulates the inspiratory area and increases the rate and depth of breathing
Hypercapnia
activated/formed at the end of each coagulation pathway
Fibrin
Aortic bodies and carotid bodies with respond to changes in PCO2, H+, and PO2 in blood
peripheral chemoreceptors
Site of T-lymphocyte maturation
Thymus
Lease abundant leukocyte with no visible nucleus due to abundant granules
basophil
watery portion of blood
plasma
at a constant temperature, the pressure of a given quantity of gas is inversely proportional to its volume
Boyle’s Law
Specialized lymphatic capillary that absorbs fat
lacteal
Binds at the center of each heme molecule
iron
Responds to changes in H+ and PCO2 in the cerebrospinal fluid
central chemoreceptors
the spleen contains areas of referred to as red and white pulp
true
the cisterna chyli drains lymphatic fluid into the right lymphatic duct
false
carbon monoxide competes for the same hemoglobin binding sites as oxygen
true
respiratory alkalosis results when there is an excess amount of PO2 in the blood and thus a drop in blood pH
false
Bronchiole dilation occurs with activation of the sympathetic nervous system
true
emphysema is a lung condition that results when there is a loss of compliance and an overall loss in alveolar surface area
true
normal atmospheric pressure is 760 mm Hg
true
if there is a sudden increase in the amount of air being ventilated to the lungs, there will need to be an increase in blood flow to the alveoli
true
a decrease in thickness of the respiratory membrane will result in a decrease in the amount of gas exchange that occurs at the alveoli
false
during systemic gas exchange, a chloride ion is transported into the red blood cells while bicarbonate ion is transported into the blood where it will act as a buffer
true
peripheral chemoreceptors respond to changes in CSF
False
a pneumothorax occurs when atmospheric air enters the pleural space
ture
with a decrease in temperature, oxygen is more easily unloaded to the tissues
false
smooth muscle is abundant beginning in the bronchioles
true
bronchodilation will increase airflow to the alveoli
true
expansion of the thoracic cavity occurs during inhalation
true
the mucous membrane in the nasal cavity is composed of non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
True
a mass of clotted blood in the tissues is called a hematoma
true
when platelets are activated, they become “sticky” and will stick to other platelets, injured vessels and the underlying collagen and basal lamina (membrane)
True
megakaryocytes are the cells from which platelets arise
true
if a person’s blood pH shifted from 7.4 to 7.6 what direction would the person’s oxyhemoglobin curve shift?
left-shift
if a person was performing physical activity, what direction would their oxyhemoglobin curve shift?
right-shift
what percentage of hemoglobin is saturated with oxygen as blood is moved TO THE TISSUES
98%
During alveolar gas exchange, what ion is released from hemoglobin as oxygen enters the red blood cell?
H+
Approximately what percent of carbon dioxide is carried in the blood as bicarbonate?
70%
What is the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in venous blood (pulmonary circuit) ?
45 mm Hg
What is the partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood
95 mm Hg
What is the normal value of intrapleural pressure during expiration?
756 mm Hg
what is the normal value of intrapulmonary pressure (alveolar pressure) during inspiration?
754 mm Hg
