Exam 2 Flashcards
Which of the following is part of an equine exam but not typically part of the canine or feline PE?
a. Auscultation of lungs
b. Auscultation of heart
c. Checking hydration status
d. Auscultation of abdomen
d. Auscultation of abdomen
The most common way equine Encephalomyelitis is transmitted by:
a. Direct contact
b. Respiratory secretions
c. mosquito (Aedes, Anopheles or Culex)
d. biting midges (Culicoides)
c. mosquito (Aedes, Anopheles or Culex)
A physical exam for pre-purchase exam guarantees the buyer is getting a healthy horse.
A. True
B. False
B. False
What is the normal respiratory rate for an adult horse?
16 - 20 rpm
Where does plant fermentation occur in the horse? (What 2 organs?)
1) Large intestine 2) cecum
The West Nile disease is transmitted by:
a. Infected birds
b. Opossum
c. Mosquitos
d. Stomoxys calcitrans
c. Mosquitos
Farrier is usually needed to trim the hooves every:
a. 2 weeks
b. 2 years
c. 6 months
d. determined by the lifestyle & environment of the horse which could be 6 - 16 weeks or more.
d. determined by the lifestyle & environment of the horse which could be 6 - 16 weeks or more.
What is an advantage and a disadvantage of using general (anesthesia) for a horse for a procedure such as a castration? (2 pts.)
Advantage - horse is less likely to move, more compliant to positioning
Disadvantage - recovery of the horse more risky, more likely to develop post anesthesia sequelle such as compartment syndrome and pressure sores
Which of the following is the reason for Sheath cleaning (of the penis) of the male horse?
a. For collection of urinary calculi
b. Deposition of smegea forming a “bean” in the sheath
c. Prevent development of a stricture around the penis
d. Management tool used on the stallion to improve breeding performance.
b. Deposition of smegea forming a “bean” in the sheath
A horse that has a red body with similar red colored points would be described as a ________________.
a. Bay
b. Palomino
c. Dun
d. Chestnut
d. Chestnut
A wide white marking on the face that includes the eyes is called a:
a. Bald
b. Blaze
c. Strip
d. Snip
a. Bald
Floating of the teeth is only performed by a licensed Equine Dental Provider.
A. True
B. False
B. False
A horse with white markings that go from the Coronary band to just above the Carpus and/or hock have a:
a. Cornet
b. Pastern
c. Sock
d. Stocking
d. Stocking
A foot bath should be located at the border of the hot zone for personnel to step in when entering and exiting the isolation area.
A. True
B. False
A. True
A. Castrated male
B. Horse from 1 to 1 ½ years old
C. Horse from weaning to first year
D. Horse from 1 ½ to 2 yrs. old
A horse with a lighter body color but tail/mane remain dark with a dorsal stripe is a _________________.
a. Roan
b. Dun
c. Palomino
d. Perlino
b. Dun
The most distal bone in the limbs of the horse is the coffin bone.
A. True
B. False
A. True
The stifle is the joint between the:
a. Carpals & metacarpals
b. Radius / ulna and Humerus
c. Tibia, Tarsus, Metatarsals
d. Femur and Tibia
d. Femur and Tibia
Horse with the two Central adult incisors (closest to midline) that have erupted and in wear, is _____ old.
a. 1 ½ yr.
b. 3 ½ yrs.
c. 2 ½ yrs.
d. 4 yrs.
c. 2 ½ yrs.
When is the best time to take a respiratory rate on the horse? (1 pt.)
Done early in the exam before the horse gets worked up and nervous. Which will falsely elevate the resp. rate.
The appearance of the practice vehicle doesn’t affect client perception.
A. True
B. False
A. True
What is the normal temperature for a horse? (in Fahrenheit)
a. 99
b. 102
c. 103
d. 97.8
a. 99
List two history items you need to ask a horse owner? (2 pts.)
Items similar to small animal….last vaccinated for what? What signs are being seen? ect.
Unique to horses 1) Management of the animal - pasture vs. stall, food & water and type, deworming 2) has the owner tried to treat it with anything? If so, what and to what degree of success?
When we have a bounding digital pulse, it might indicate which of the following:
a. A race horse has been born
b. Normal finding because of gravity pulling blood to the feet
c. Might have laminitis or a foot abscess
d. Horse has Strangles
c. Might have laminitis or a foot abscess
When you hear something that sounds like a pebble dropping into a well, it most often comes from the __________________.
a. Stomach
b. Small intestine
c. Large intestine
d. Cecum
d. Cecum
Probably the oldest breed of horses.
a. Arabian
b. Thoroughbred
c. Morgan
d. American Standardbred
a. Arabian
The proximal sesamoid bone is known as the navicular bone.
A. True
B. False
B. False
Horse stomach (abomasum) is “happiest” when it has about ____ of contents.
a. 2 gal.
b. 4 gal.
c. 20 gal.
d. 4 quarts
a. 2 gal.
Strangles is causes by:
a. Virus – Herpes virus
b. Bacteria - Streptococcus equi
c. Bacteria - Rhodococcis equii
d. Rickettsial - Rickettsia neorickettsia
b. Bacteria - Streptococcus equi
Rhino pneumonitis (type I) can cause _________________ in addition to a respiratory disease.
a. Corneal ulcer
b. Abortion
c. Oral ulcers
d. Laminitis
b. Abortion
Is it true that the horse cannot vomit? If true, why? (2 pts.)
Yes, it is true!. There is a functional “1-way” valve at the cardia of the stomach that won’t allow a horse to vomit.
Grain and/or pellets are fed to horses by ____________.
a. Buckets
b. Volume
c. Weight
d. Horses’ desire
e. Both a & d
c. Weight
Vitamin supplementation more likely needed:
a. when on high quality forage
b. when doing heavy work
c. when on a low quality forage
d. when pregnant on good pasture
e. only B and C
e. only B and C
The automated water dispenser is the ideal way to measure water intake for hospitalized patients.
A. True
B. False
B. False
Equine Rhino pneumonitis (Rhino) is caused by a:
a. Rhabdo virus
b. Parvo virus
c. Herpes virus
d. Calicivirus
c. Herpes virus
Tetanus toxoid is given to horses.
a. When they get any kind of wound- or surgery
b. When they approach breeding season
c. At least annually
d. Every other year
e. Both A and C
e. Both A and C
Large animals typically like to move:
a. in a straight line
b. from dark to light
c. from narrow to wide
d. following gentle curves
e. all except A
e. all except A
The most common type of equine practice would be a/an _________ practice.
a. referral
b. haul in
c. ambulatory
d. dental
c. ambulatory
The height of a horse is measured in: (which units)
A. inches
B. feet
C. hands
D. meters
C. hands
When establishing an isolation cage/stall in the large animal hospital – Which would be the poorest choice?
a. Mark the area clearly with “isolation”
b. Establish an isolation stall/cage protocol
c. Identify “hot zone” that only authorized personnel enter
d. Use a stall with a dirt floor & wood walls.
d. Use a stall with a dirt floor & wood walls.
Open mouth breathing is normal for horses.
A. True
B. False
B. False
How often does Borborygmus occur in the cecum? (1 pt.)
Every 60 seconds
Should a pregnant mare be vaccinated for Rhinopneumonitis while she pregnant? If yes, what type of vaccine should be used and when should it be given? (2pts)
Yes, she should. She should be vaccinated at 5, 7, & 9 months of gestation with a killed product of the Herpes type-1 vaccine.
What body part is most expressive on the horse? (1 pt.)
The ears are the most expressive and easiest to watch for - as to how the horse is feeling.
What is Borborygmus? (1 pt.)
The “rolling thunder” sound of the movement of gas in the intestinal tract.
Tetanus anti-toxin is a/an:
a. Inactivated toxin from Clostridium tetani
b. Tetanus preventative to keep the organism from growing.
c. Antibodies collected from other horses vaccinated against tetanus
d. An organically grown plant that prevents tetanus
c. Antibodies collected from other horses vaccinated against tetanus
Sweet feeds are mixture of :
a. alfalfa & grass hay
b. grains, vitamins, minerals w/ molasses
c. horse cookies and cakes formulated to entice horse to eat
d. candy and honey used to provide nutrients for starving horses
b. grains, vitamins, minerals w/ molasses
What is one advantage and disadvantage of a concrete floor? (2pts) Also give an advantage and disadvantage for a dirt floor. (2pts)
Concrete: (Advantage) - It is easier to clean/disinfect, easier to drain and dry. (Disadvantage) - it is very expensive to install, it is hard for horses to stand on all day
Dirt: (Advantage) - it is easier to stand on than concrete, it is cheap,
(Disadvantage) - it is impossible to clean/disinfect, it can be dusty, it harbors fluids that can carry diseases.
Is it normal to hear a heart murmur in the horse? If heard, what should be done?
It can be normal to hear a heart murmur. However, it still needs to be noted and the DVM still needs to confirm that it is a normal finding.
Wolf tooth is:
a. The canine teeth
b. The retained deciduous incisor
c. Caudal cheek teeth
d. 1st upper premolar of the horse
d. 1st upper premolar of the horse
Which of the following is primarily a draft horse breed?
a. Appaloosa
b. Morgan
c. Paso Fino
d. Percheron
d. Percheron
How often should the encephalomyelitis vaccines (at a minimum) be given to a horse?
a. Annually
b. Every 2 years
c. Every 3 years
d. Only when there is an outbreak of the disease
a. Annually
The cannon bone is the same as the
a. Carpals/Tarsal
b. Metacarpals/ metatarsals
c. Radius
d. Tibia
b. Metacarpals/ metatarsals
The Strangles vaccine is an elective vaccine for horses.
A. True
B. False
A. True
When the number of heart beats doesn’t correspond with the pulse rate we have a:
a. Heart murmur
b. Gallop rhythm
c. pulse deficit
d. cardiomyopathy
c. pulse deficit
What is the normal adult TPR for a horse?
a. 100.0-102.5 F; 28-60 bpm; 4-8 rpm (rpm = respirations per minute)
b. 99.0-101.5 F; 40-80 bpm; 18-24 rpm
c. 99.0-101.5 F; 40-48 bpm; 16-20 rpm
d. 101.5-102.0 F; 12-16 bpm ; 10-30 rpm
c. 99.0-101.5 F; 40-48 bpm; 16-20 rpm
What is the most common site for giving a vaccine to the horse. __________________. (1 pt.)
IM - Lateral Cervicals or Hind Limb
SQ - Anywhere the skin tents
**The lateral cervical muscles are most frequently used.
What is the average pulse rate for an adult horse?
the average is 44 with the range of 40 - 48 bpm
When listening to the abdomen of a horse how often (on average) does the large intestine (not the cecum) contract (creating Borborygmi )?
a. 10 sec.
b. 20-30 sec.
c. 60 sec.
d. 90-120 sec.
b. 20-30 sec.
When tying a horse what are two guidelines that need to be remembered? (2 pts.)
1) tie to something solid, 2) tie about shoulder height, 3) allow 1 1/2 - 2 ft of lead rope, 4) use a quick release knot when tying.
When working on a horse – the restrainer should:
a. Stand on opposite side of horse from operator to keep it from moving
b. Yank on the lead rope to distract horse
c. Stand on the same side as operator to be available to help or move
d. Stand directly in front of horse to keep from moving
c. Stand on the same side as operator to be available to help or move
When dealing with behavior of horses once they enter the fight of flight stage they :
a. are very thoughtful about their approach to things
b. are easily swayed to change their behavior
c. go on instinct alone
d. foals are more likely to give the “fight” response rather than the flight response.
c. go on instinct alone
Horses don’t harbor Tetnus organisms anywhere in their body. That is the reason that they (horses) are so sensitive to the disease.
A. True
B. False
B. False
Which of the following is not required daily in the large animal hospital?
a. Feeding and watering patient.
b. Picking the equine stall clean.
c. Grooming of bovine patients
d. Grooming of equine patients
c. Grooming of bovine patients
When describing a horse as a warm blood, hot blood, or cold blood you are describing the horses:
a. body temperature
b. temperament
c. temperature tolerance
d. ability to clot
b. temperament
On a scale of 1-5 what is the ideal body condition score?
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4
e. 5
c. 3
The Equine twitch is:
a. Involuntary muscular movement
b. Restraint device usually applied to the lip/muzzle
c. Random eye movement
d. Mechanical device for training a “gaited” horse
b. Restraint device usually applied to the lip/muzzle
Horse lungs are much easier to hear because they are larger.
A. True
B. False
B. False
Vaccination of horses should include all the following except:
a. Eastern Equine Encephalitis
b. Western Equine Encephalitis
c. Tetanus
d. Hepatitis
e. West Nile
d. Hepatitis
Which of the following are clinical signs of a dehydrated horse?
a. Tachy M M
b. Eyes that seem sunken into orbit
c. Decreased skin elasticity
d. all of the above
d. all of the above
The horse is a ________________ because teeth continuously erupt.
a. Trypsodont
b. Periodont
c. Brachyodont
d. Hypsodont
d. Hypsodont
Horses can have a heart murmur (the 3rd and/or 4th heart sound) that is normal.
A. True
B. False
A. True
Which of the following conditions are most rare among in horses?
a. Colic
b. Nosebleeds
c. Stomach ulcers
d. Deafness
d. Deafness
Which of the following are not core vaccines for horses?
a. Tetanus
b. Rhino-pneumonitis
c. Encephalomyelitis
d. West Nile virus
e. Leptospirosis
e. Leptospirosis
Encephalomyelitis virus causes ________ signs.
a. Respiratory
b. Neurological
c. Digestive
d. Reproductive
b. Neurological
What is the “near” side of the horse?
a. right
b. left
c. rear
d. closest to the operator
b. left
The rabies vaccine is included in the “core” vaccines for most horses.
A. True
B. False
A. True
The horse typically has _________ Cheek teeth on the right mandible (just the mandible).
a. 4
b. 5
c. 6
d. 8
c. 6
West Nile Virus is a ____________________ disease that affects the nervous system.
a. Viral
b. Bacterial
c. Protozoal
d. Toxic
a. Viral
Equine influenza results in a debilitating neurological condition among young horses.
A. True
B. False
B. False
My foal was born May 23, 2021. What age will it be on January 1, 2024?
a. 2 yr. old
b. 2 ½ yr.
c. 3 yr.
d. 4 yr
c. 3 yr.
A. Horse from birth to weaning 4 + month of age
B. Young female (< 2 yr. old)
C. Adult female (> 2-3 yr. old)
D. Young male-age up to 2-3 yr. old
E. Adult male greater than 2-3 yr. old
