Common Cattle Diseases Flashcards
This is a bacterial infection caused by Dichelobacter nodosus and Fusobacterium necrophorum. It is a very painful disease influenced by the environment. Animals with wounds are especially at risk. It is called ____
Foot Rot
This infection is caused by Actinomyces bovis. Masses form on the mandible or maxilla and may cause weight loss. This is called ___
Lumpy Jaw
This is a fungal infection caused by Trichophyton verrucosum or Microsporum spp. Cattle has encrusted circular lesions and thickened skin. This is called ___
Dermatophytosis (Ring worm)
This is a disease common in calves that causes severe diarrhea and dehydration. It can be caused by E. coli, Clostridium perfringens, Cryptosporidium, and Salmonella. It is called ____
Calf enteritis
This is a high contagious, sometimes fatal, virus. It causes blisters inside of the mouth that may lead to drooling and lesions on the feet. There is no known treatment. This disease is zoonotic and called ___
Foot and mouth disease
This is a condition caused by low blood calcium in cattle. It is most common in dairy breeds. Cows will lay down, curve neck in S shape, ataxic, lack of defecation. Tx consists of administering IV Calcium. This is called ___
Hypocalcemia (Milk Fever)
This condition is caused by low magnesium. Symptoms include convulsions, stiffness, dilated pupils, frothing mouth, and sudden death. Tx includes sedation and administering magnesium. This is called ___
Hypomagnesemic Tetany (Grass tetany)
This condition is caused by a lack of Vitamin E or selenium. It is common in young animals and typically seen during the spring after animals had a deficient diet in the winter. Symptoms include lack of coordination, lameness, paralysis, and can lead to sudden death. Tx include injections of selenium or vitamin E. This is called ___
White muscle disease
This condition is caused by the ingestion of a foreign body like nails and wires that eventually get stuck in the reticulum. Clinical signs include weight loss, anorexia, fever, increased HR and ADR (ain’t doing right). This is called ___
Hardware Disease (Bovine Traumatic Reticulopericarditis)
This procedure is used to decompress, explore, or remove rumen contents/foreign bodies. It is done standing w/ local anesthesia and sedation. This is called ___
Rumenotomy
This condition is caused either by dietary issues or mechanical/motility complications in the rumen. Bloat is the most common clinical sign. This is called ____
Ruminal Distension
Ruminal Distention can be treated by ___
**Surgical repair - Trocarization (done to decompress the abdomen by going through the flank in to the abdomen)
**Rumenostomy - Placing a rumen fistula (Permanent opening of the rumen through abdominal wall)
**Ororumen tube
This condition occurs when the abomasum fills with gas and displaces to the left or right. It is most common in post partum cattle and can cause a decrease in appetite, milk production, and fecal output. Tx is surgery
Displaced Abomasum
This condition is caused by retained placentas or dystocia in cattle. It can cause vaginal discharge and possibly pyometra. This is called ___
Metritis
This is a condition of the mammary glands that results from trauma or bacteria such as Streptococcus or Staphylococcus. It can be easily be spread amongst cattle in milking parlors. Tx includes antibiotics, NSAIDs, fluids, and milking every 2-4 hours. This is called ___
Mastitis
What test is most commonly used to detect subclinical mastitis and identify the affected quarter? This test is read after 10 sec and you must look for changes in consistency and color-positives that will become chunky/gelatinous.
California Mastitis Test
The causes of this condition is unknown, but it is common in beef cows in the last 2 - 3 weeks of gestation. This condition is repaired by suturing a purse string around the opening. This condition does not affect pregnancy. This is called ___
Vaginal Prolapse
This condition occurs directly after parturition and is most common in dairy cows. It repaired using a similar procedure as a vaginal prolapse, and oxytocin may be used to increase muscle tone. Likely to reoccur. This is called ___
Uterine Prolapse
This condition is caused by slow detachment of the placenta in cattle. It can also be caused by dystocia, c-section, abortion, selenium and vitamin a deficiency. Tx includes oxytocin and antibiotics. This is called ___
Retained Placenta
This condition can occur alongside other issues such as vaginal or uterine prolapse, dystocia, and diarrhea. Surgery is performed to replace the rectum and a purse string suture is placed. This is called ___
Rectal Prolapse
This is a bacterial infection of muscle caused by the ingestion of spores from microorganisms such as clostridium. The bacteria passes through the GI wall and leaks into the bloodstream, then into muscle. Clinical signs include lameness, depression, swelling in heavily muscled areas-hot at first then cold when blood supply disappears, often contains gas bubbles. Necrotic tissues is found at necropsy. There is a vaccine. This is called ___
Blackleg
This bacterial infection is transmitted through urine containing leptospira, and can live in urine for up to 183 days. It is shed for 10 - 118 days post clinical signs and may cause abortion. It is zoonotic, but can be vaccinated for. This is called ___
Leptospirosis
This bacterial infection is caused by Moraxella bovis (carries by flies). Symptoms include photophobia, excessive weeping, conjunctivitis, corneal opacity and ulceration. This can be vaccinated against. This disease is called ___
Infectious Bovine Keratoconjunctivitis (Pinkeye)
This infection is caused by prion-proteins in meat products ingested by cattle. It causes neurological issues and death, and can only be diagnosed in the brain at necropsy. This is called ___
Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy
This is a bacterial infection of the CNS caused by Listeria monocytogenes. It often contaminated silage such as corn and causes circling (“circling disease”), restless, loss of appetite, leaning, and facial paralysis. It is potentially zoonotic. This is called ___
Listeriosis
This is a disease caused by Bovine Herpes Virus 1. Clinical signs include respiratory disease, fever, ocular discharge, nasal discharge, conjunctivitis, depression, cough, and dyspnea. It can be vaccinated for. This is called ___
Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR)
This disease is caused by an RNA virus and is common in young cattle. Clinical signs include high fever, anorexia, depression, increased RR, ocular and nasal discharge, edema. It can lead to secondary bacterial infection and pneumonia, but can be vaccinated against. This is called ___
Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus (BRSV)
This is a chronic infection common in young cattle that can be transmitted transplacentally. This can be transmitted in secretions and excretions of infected cattle-mostly a respiratory disease-fever, depression, anorexia, increased respirations, nasal and ocular discharge, and oral ulcerations.
**Prevention - vaccinate, eliminate infected cattle, test new individuals before introducing to herd
Bovine Viral DIarrhea (BVD)
This disease is usually mild or subclinical and caused by an RNA virus. The biggest concern is secondary infection pneumonia. This disease can be vaccinated against. This is called ____
Parainfluenza-3
This is a Bacterial pneumonia commonly caused by Pasturella spp. It is a common secondary infection in feedlot calves infected with respiratory virus. Clinical signs include depression, low head carriage, wet cough, open-mouth breathing, weight loss, fever, wheezing. It can be vaccinated against. This is called ____
Shipping Fever
This is a bacterial infection caused by Mycobacterium paratuberculosis. This disease causes profuse watery diarrhea and is transmitted via fecal-oral. Infection typically occurs in first year of life, but do not show clinical signs until 5-6 years old. These animals are shedding the disease. There is no TX and necropsy may show thickened intestines and swollen intestinal lymph nodes. This is called ___
Johne Disease (paratuberculosis)
This disease is caused by bacteria-Bacillus anthracis. It is usually transmitted through spores lingering in an infected pasture. It is an acute disease causing death. It is common to find bleeding from orifices because blood fails to clot. This disease is Zoonotic, and a state veterinarian must be notified if an animal is infected.
Anthrax
This disease is caused by the bacteria brucella abortus and is transmitted by ingesting infected placenta, feed, fetal tissue, milk, uterine discharge or via semen from infected bull. This can be vaccinated starting at 4 - 8 months. This is Zoonotic.
Brucellosis
This is a bacterial disease caused by campylobacter fetus and venerealis. Clinical signs include embryonic death, extended calving season, infertility. This disease can be vaccinated against, and semen can be tested. This is called ___
Vibriosis
This is a protozoal infection that causes embryonic death. It is a Venereal disease-carried by infected bulls, no clinical signs, they give it to cows, cows abort and clear infection, bulls have it for life.
Trichomoniasis
