Equine Preventative Medicine Flashcards
What is the average temperature for a horse?
99 - 101.5 F
**102 in warm weather
What is the average heart rate of an adult horse?
40 - 48 bpm
**Athletic horses may be lower
What is the average respiration of an adult horse?
16 - 20 breaths per min
Equine body condition score is based on a scale of 1 - 5. __ is the ideal score.
3
What is the average heart rate in foals?
60 - 80 bpm
What are the 3 things we look for when palpating an equine artery?
Rate-number per minute
Rhythm-regular or irregular
Quality-strong, bounding, weak, etc
Where is one location we can find an equine artery?
facial artery, transverse facial artery, coccygeal artery, dorsal metatarsal artery, lateral and medial digital arteries
Where can we skin tent to check for hydration on a horse?
Palpebral skin
Normal CRT for a horse is?
< 1 sec
On a scale of 1 - 5, the ideal weight of a horse is ___.
3
A horse who appears to have a thin layer of fat under skin, ribs not visible but easy to feel, smooth layer over bony prominences, hip bones just visible is considered a ___ on a scale of 1 - 5.
3
When listening to the heart of a horse, is it common to hear a ___ ___. Be sure to notate this a have a doctor check your findings.
Heart Murmur
You should always listen for heart rate on the __ side of the chest.
Left
Palpating pulse can be done by feeling an ___. Two common places are the ___ and ___.
**Artery
*Coccygeal and Facial
When auscultating a horse’s abdomen, it is important to listen to what 3 things?
L upper-large intestine
L lower-small intestine
R lower-cecum
What type of sound are we looking for when auscultating a horse’s abdomen?
** Should hear a rumbling thunder (borborygmi)
How often should you hear borborygmi in the large intestine?
Every 20 - 30 seconds
How often should you hear borborygmi in the small intestine?
Every 15 - 20 seconds
How often should you hear borborygmi in the cecum?
The cecum has more of a dropping a pebble in the well sound.
**Every 60 seconds
What is a toxic line in horses?
A purple gum line along teeth indicating toxic shock
Hydration can be evaluated in a horse by checking what 3 things?
Mucous membranes, Skin Elasticity, and Eyes (normal vs sunken)
When using a weight tape on a horse, measure at the ___
heart girth
What are the 7 core equine vaccines?
Rabies, Eastern/Western Encephalomyelitis, Equine Herpes Virus, Influenza, Tetanus, and West Nile Virus
What is wrong with this horse?
It has Rabies
This disease is commonly called “Sleeping Sickness”
It is transmitted by the mosquito, and causes neurologic disease alongside ataxia, fever, paralysis, and anorexia. There is no cure for this disease.
Eastern/Western Encephalomyelitis
Equine Rhinopneumonitis is more commonly known as ___
Equine Herpes Virus
This disease is a common viral respiratory diseases that can spread from horse to horse. There are two types.
Clinical symptoms include nasal discharge, coughing, ataxia, and possibly paralysis.
Equine Herpes Virus (Rhinopneumonitis)
How often are horses vaccinated against rabies?
Annually
How often are horses vaccinated against Eastern/Western Encephalomyelitis?
**Is there a cure for this disease?
Annually in the spring and bi-annually in high risk areas
**NO
How often are horses vaccinated against Equine Herpes Virus?
Twice a year or more if at risk
Pregnant mares should be vaccinated for EHV at which 3 stages in their gestation?
5, 7, and 9 months
What is the difference between EHV-1 and EHV-4
EHV-1 can mutate into a neurological disease and causes sporadic abortion, whereas EHV-4 is purely respiratory
This equine respiratory viral disease is serious but not debilitating, and has a short incubation period of 48 hours.
Clinical signs include fever, anorexia, weight loss, nasal discharge, coughing, and increased rr
Equine Influenza
How often are horses vaccinated against equin influenza?
Annually or 4 times a year in high risk individuals
This diseases is caused by the bacteria Clostridium tetani, which releases a toxin in punture and contaminated wounds.
Clinical signs include stiffness of the body and sensitivity to light and touch.
The infected wound should be cleaned with antitoxin.
Tetanus
How often should horses be vaccinated against tetanus?
Annually
Tetanus is found in the __ ___ of horses, so all areas where they live should be considered contaminated.
GI Tract
Horses having surgery in their living areas should be given tetanus __ or ___.
Toxoid or Antitoxin
This diseases is caused by an arbovirus, with the common reservoir being birds.
Clinical signs include decreased appetite, depression, paralysis, coma, death, and personality changes.
West Nile Virus
How often should horses be vaccinated against West Nile Virus?
Annually
True or False: Strangles is considered a core equine vaccines.
FALSE
Lepto is NOT considered a core equine vaccine because…?
It will cause uveitis
This disease is a highly contagious respiratory infection caused Streptococcus equi. Clinical signs include yellow nasal discharge and swollen/abscessed lymph nodes.
Strangles
How do we treat for strangles?
Strangles is not typically treated
This disease is caused by Neorickettsia risticii (Ehrlichia). The carrier is an infected fly ingested by the horse.
Bacteria enters the GI system and cause non-specific clinical signs-fever, diarrhea, colic, laminitis, etc.
Dx - Bacterial isolation in feces or blood
Tx - Oxytetracycline
Potomac Horse Fever
Horses who are traveling to the east coast may be vaccinated for which vaccine?
Potomac Horse Fever
Where can IM injections be given in horses?
Lateral Cervicals and Hind Leg (Semimembranosus and Semitendinosus)
Horses are typically dewormed when __
The egg count is > 150 per gram
Horses have __ teeth, meaning they continuously erupt and are covered with enamel entirely.
Hypsodont
Horses have a __ jaw conformatin, meaning their maxilla is wider than the mandible.
Anisognathic
What is the equine dental formula?
i 3/3, c 1/1, p 3-4/3, m 3/3
What is a wolf tooth?
An additional premolar, usually maxillary, that is thought to be a remnant tooth from when horses were wild grazers
Horses should have their hooves trimmed how often?
Every 6 - 8 weeks
