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Large Animal > Equine Preventative Medicine > Flashcards

Equine Preventative Medicine Flashcards

1
Q

What is the average temperature for a horse?

A

99 - 101.5 F
**102 in warm weather

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2
Q

What is the average heart rate of an adult horse?

A

40 - 48 bpm
**Athletic horses may be lower

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3
Q

What is the average respiration of an adult horse?

A

16 - 20 breaths per min

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4
Q

Equine body condition score is based on a scale of 1 - 5. __ is the ideal score.

A

3

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5
Q

What is the average heart rate in foals?

A

60 - 80 bpm

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6
Q

What are the 3 things we look for when palpating an equine artery?

A

Rate-number per minute
Rhythm-regular or irregular
Quality-strong, bounding, weak, etc

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7
Q

Where is one location we can find an equine artery?

A

facial artery, transverse facial artery, coccygeal artery, dorsal metatarsal artery, lateral and medial digital arteries

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8
Q

Where can we skin tent to check for hydration on a horse?

A

Palpebral skin

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9
Q

Normal CRT for a horse is?

A

< 1 sec

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10
Q

On a scale of 1 - 5, the ideal weight of a horse is ___.

A

3

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11
Q

A horse who appears to have a thin layer of fat under skin, ribs not visible but easy to feel, smooth layer over bony prominences, hip bones just visible is considered a ___ on a scale of 1 - 5.

A

3

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12
Q

When listening to the heart of a horse, is it common to hear a ___ ___. Be sure to notate this a have a doctor check your findings.

A

Heart Murmur

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13
Q

You should always listen for heart rate on the __ side of the chest.

A

Left

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14
Q

Palpating pulse can be done by feeling an ___. Two common places are the ___ and ___.

A

**Artery
*Coccygeal and Facial

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15
Q

When auscultating a horse’s abdomen, it is important to listen to what 3 things?

A

L upper-large intestine
L lower-small intestine
R lower-cecum

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16
Q

What type of sound are we looking for when auscultating a horse’s abdomen?

A

** Should hear a rumbling thunder (borborygmi)

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17
Q

How often should you hear borborygmi in the large intestine?

A

Every 20 - 30 seconds

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18
Q

How often should you hear borborygmi in the small intestine?

A

Every 15 - 20 seconds

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19
Q

How often should you hear borborygmi in the cecum?

A

The cecum has more of a dropping a pebble in the well sound.
**Every 60 seconds

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20
Q

What is a toxic line in horses?

A

A purple gum line along teeth indicating toxic shock

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21
Q

Hydration can be evaluated in a horse by checking what 3 things?

A

Mucous membranes, Skin Elasticity, and Eyes (normal vs sunken)

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22
Q

When using a weight tape on a horse, measure at the ___

A

heart girth

23
Q

What are the 7 core equine vaccines?

A

Rabies, Eastern/Western Encephalomyelitis, Equine Herpes Virus, Influenza, Tetanus, and West Nile Virus

24
Q

What is wrong with this horse?

A

It has Rabies

25
Q

This disease is commonly called “Sleeping Sickness”
It is transmitted by the mosquito, and causes neurologic disease alongside ataxia, fever, paralysis, and anorexia. There is no cure for this disease.

A

Eastern/Western Encephalomyelitis

26
Q

Equine Rhinopneumonitis is more commonly known as ___

A

Equine Herpes Virus

27
Q

This disease is a common viral respiratory diseases that can spread from horse to horse. There are two types.
Clinical symptoms include nasal discharge, coughing, ataxia, and possibly paralysis.

A

Equine Herpes Virus (Rhinopneumonitis)

28
Q

How often are horses vaccinated against rabies?

A

Annually

29
Q

How often are horses vaccinated against Eastern/Western Encephalomyelitis?
**Is there a cure for this disease?

A

Annually in the spring and bi-annually in high risk areas
**NO

30
Q

How often are horses vaccinated against Equine Herpes Virus?

A

Twice a year or more if at risk

31
Q

Pregnant mares should be vaccinated for EHV at which 3 stages in their gestation?

A

5, 7, and 9 months

32
Q

What is the difference between EHV-1 and EHV-4

A

EHV-1 can mutate into a neurological disease and causes sporadic abortion, whereas EHV-4 is purely respiratory

33
Q

This equine respiratory viral disease is serious but not debilitating, and has a short incubation period of 48 hours.
Clinical signs include fever, anorexia, weight loss, nasal discharge, coughing, and increased rr

A

Equine Influenza

34
Q

How often are horses vaccinated against equin influenza?

A

Annually or 4 times a year in high risk individuals

35
Q

This diseases is caused by the bacteria Clostridium tetani, which releases a toxin in punture and contaminated wounds.
Clinical signs include stiffness of the body and sensitivity to light and touch.
The infected wound should be cleaned with antitoxin.

A

Tetanus

36
Q

How often should horses be vaccinated against tetanus?

A

Annually

37
Q

Tetanus is found in the __ ___ of horses, so all areas where they live should be considered contaminated.

A

GI Tract

38
Q

Horses having surgery in their living areas should be given tetanus __ or ___.

A

Toxoid or Antitoxin

39
Q

This diseases is caused by an arbovirus, with the common reservoir being birds.
Clinical signs include decreased appetite, depression, paralysis, coma, death, and personality changes.

A

West Nile Virus

40
Q

How often should horses be vaccinated against West Nile Virus?

A

Annually

41
Q

True or False: Strangles is considered a core equine vaccines.

A

FALSE

42
Q

Lepto is NOT considered a core equine vaccine because…?

A

It will cause uveitis

43
Q

This disease is a highly contagious respiratory infection caused Streptococcus equi. Clinical signs include yellow nasal discharge and swollen/abscessed lymph nodes.

A

Strangles

44
Q

How do we treat for strangles?

A

Strangles is not typically treated

45
Q

This disease is caused by Neorickettsia risticii (Ehrlichia). The carrier is an infected fly ingested by the horse.
Bacteria enters the GI system and cause non-specific clinical signs-fever, diarrhea, colic, laminitis, etc.
Dx - Bacterial isolation in feces or blood
Tx - Oxytetracycline

A

Potomac Horse Fever

46
Q

Horses who are traveling to the east coast may be vaccinated for which vaccine?

A

Potomac Horse Fever

47
Q

Where can IM injections be given in horses?

A

Lateral Cervicals and Hind Leg (Semimembranosus and Semitendinosus)

48
Q

Horses are typically dewormed when __

A

The egg count is > 150 per gram

49
Q

Horses have __ teeth, meaning they continuously erupt and are covered with enamel entirely.

A

Hypsodont

50
Q

Horses have a __ jaw conformatin, meaning their maxilla is wider than the mandible.

A

Anisognathic

51
Q

What is the equine dental formula?

A

i 3/3, c 1/1, p 3-4/3, m 3/3

52
Q

What is a wolf tooth?

A

An additional premolar, usually maxillary, that is thought to be a remnant tooth from when horses were wild grazers

53
Q

Horses should have their hooves trimmed how often?

A

Every 6 - 8 weeks

Large Animal (10 decks)

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