Equine Preventative Medicine

Question 1

What is the average temperature for a horse?

Answer 1

99 - 101.5 F
**102 in warm weather

Question 2

What is the average heart rate of an adult horse?

Answer 2

40 - 48 bpm
**Athletic horses may be lower

Question 3

What is the average respiration of an adult horse?

Answer 3

16 - 20 breaths per min

Question 4

Equine body condition score is based on a scale of 1 - 5. __ is the ideal score.

Answer 4

3

Question 5

What is the average heart rate in foals?

Answer 5

60 - 80 bpm

Question 6

What are the 3 things we look for when palpating an equine artery?

Answer 6

Rate-number per minute
Rhythm-regular or irregular
Quality-strong, bounding, weak, etc

Question 7

Where is one location we can find an equine artery?

Answer 7

facial artery, transverse facial artery, coccygeal artery, dorsal metatarsal artery, lateral and medial digital arteries

Question 8

Where can we skin tent to check for hydration on a horse?

Answer 8

Palpebral skin

Question 9

Normal CRT for a horse is?

Answer 9

< 1 sec

Question 10

On a scale of 1 - 5, the ideal weight of a horse is ___.

Answer 10

3

Question 11

A horse who appears to have a thin layer of fat under skin, ribs not visible but easy to feel, smooth layer over bony prominences, hip bones just visible is considered a ___ on a scale of 1 - 5.

Answer 11

3

Question 12

When listening to the heart of a horse, is it common to hear a ___ ___. Be sure to notate this a have a doctor check your findings.

Answer 12

Heart Murmur

Question 13

You should always listen for heart rate on the __ side of the chest.

Answer 13

Left

Question 14

Palpating pulse can be done by feeling an ___. Two common places are the ___ and ___.

Answer 14

**Artery
*Coccygeal and Facial

Question 15

When auscultating a horse’s abdomen, it is important to listen to what 3 things?

Answer 15

L upper-large intestine
L lower-small intestine
R lower-cecum

Question 16

What type of sound are we looking for when auscultating a horse’s abdomen?

Answer 16

** Should hear a rumbling thunder (borborygmi)

Question 17

How often should you hear borborygmi in the large intestine?

Answer 17

Every 20 - 30 seconds

Question 18

How often should you hear borborygmi in the small intestine?

Answer 18

Every 15 - 20 seconds

Question 19

How often should you hear borborygmi in the cecum?

Answer 19

The cecum has more of a dropping a pebble in the well sound.
**Every 60 seconds

Question 20

What is a toxic line in horses?

Answer 20

A purple gum line along teeth indicating toxic shock

Question 21

Hydration can be evaluated in a horse by checking what 3 things?

Answer 21

Mucous membranes, Skin Elasticity, and Eyes (normal vs sunken)

Question 22

When using a weight tape on a horse, measure at the ___

Answer 22

heart girth

Question 23

What are the 7 core equine vaccines?

Answer 23

Rabies, Eastern/Western Encephalomyelitis, Equine Herpes Virus, Influenza, Tetanus, and West Nile Virus

Question 24

What is wrong with this horse?

Answer 24

It has Rabies

Question 25

This disease is commonly called "Sleeping Sickness" It is transmitted by the mosquito, and causes neurologic disease alongside ataxia, fever, paralysis, and anorexia. There is no cure for this disease.

Answer 25

Eastern/Western Encephalomyelitis

Question 26

Equine Rhinopneumonitis is more commonly known as ___

Answer 26

Equine Herpes Virus

Question 27

This disease is a common viral respiratory diseases that can spread from horse to horse. There are two types. Clinical symptoms include nasal discharge, coughing, ataxia, and possibly paralysis.

Answer 27

Equine Herpes Virus (Rhinopneumonitis)

Question 28

How often are horses vaccinated against rabies?

Answer 28

Annually

Question 29

How often are horses vaccinated against Eastern/Western Encephalomyelitis? **Is there a cure for this disease?

Answer 29

Annually in the spring and bi-annually in high risk areas **NO

Question 30

How often are horses vaccinated against Equine Herpes Virus?

Answer 30

Twice a year or more if at risk

Question 31

Pregnant mares should be vaccinated for EHV at which 3 stages in their gestation?

Answer 31

5, 7, and 9 months

Question 32

What is the difference between EHV-1 and EHV-4

Answer 32

EHV-1 can mutate into a neurological disease and causes sporadic abortion, whereas EHV-4 is purely respiratory

Question 33

This equine respiratory viral disease is serious but not debilitating, and has a short incubation period of 48 hours. Clinical signs include fever, anorexia, weight loss, nasal discharge, coughing, and increased rr

Answer 33

Equine Influenza

Question 34

How often are horses vaccinated against equin influenza?

Answer 34

Annually or 4 times a year in high risk individuals

Question 35

This diseases is caused by the bacteria Clostridium tetani, which releases a toxin in punture and contaminated wounds. Clinical signs include stiffness of the body and sensitivity to light and touch. The infected wound should be cleaned with antitoxin.

Answer 35

Tetanus

Question 36

How often should horses be vaccinated against tetanus?

Answer 36

Annually

Question 37

Tetanus is found in the __ ___ of horses, so all areas where they live should be considered contaminated.

Answer 37

GI Tract

Question 38

Horses having surgery in their living areas should be given tetanus __ or ___.

Answer 38

Toxoid or Antitoxin

Question 39

This diseases is caused by an arbovirus, with the common reservoir being birds. Clinical signs include decreased appetite, depression, paralysis, coma, death, and personality changes.

Answer 39

West Nile Virus

Question 40

How often should horses be vaccinated against West Nile Virus?

Answer 40

Annually

Question 41

True or False: Strangles is considered a core equine vaccines.

Answer 41

FALSE

Question 42

Lepto is NOT considered a core equine vaccine because...?

Answer 42

It will cause uveitis

Question 43

This disease is a highly contagious respiratory infection caused Streptococcus equi. Clinical signs include yellow nasal discharge and swollen/abscessed lymph nodes.

Answer 43

Strangles

Question 44

How do we treat for strangles?

Answer 44

Strangles is not typically treated

Question 45

This disease is caused by Neorickettsia risticii (Ehrlichia). The carrier is an infected fly ingested by the horse. Bacteria enters the GI system and cause non-specific clinical signs-fever, diarrhea, colic, laminitis, etc. Dx - Bacterial isolation in feces or blood Tx - Oxytetracycline

Answer 45

Potomac Horse Fever

Question 46

Horses who are traveling to the east coast may be vaccinated for which vaccine?

Answer 46

Potomac Horse Fever

Question 47

Where can IM injections be given in horses?

Answer 47

Lateral Cervicals and Hind Leg (Semimembranosus and Semitendinosus)

Question 48

Horses are typically dewormed when __

Answer 48

The egg count is > 150 per gram

Question 49

Horses have __ teeth, meaning they continuously erupt and are covered with enamel entirely.

Answer 49

Hypsodont

Question 50

Horses have a __ jaw conformatin, meaning their maxilla is wider than the mandible.

Answer 50

Anisognathic

Question 51

What is the equine dental formula?

Answer 51

i 3/3, c 1/1, p 3-4/3, m 3/3

Question 52

What is a wolf tooth?

Answer 52

An additional premolar, usually maxillary, that is thought to be a remnant tooth from when horses were wild grazers

Question 53

Horses should have their hooves trimmed how often?

Answer 53

Every 6 - 8 weeks