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PATHOPHYSIOLOGY > EXAM 2 > Flashcards

EXAM 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Correct pairing between cell and protein includes which of the following?

A

cytotoxic T cell CD8 and MHC 1

helper t Cell CD4 and MHC 2

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2
Q

Which of the following virulence factors directly triggers an inflammatory response of fever and shock?

A

Lipid portion of lipopolysaccharides of cell wall

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3
Q

Which of the following is an accurate characteristic of prions?

A
  • The primary manifestation includes ataxia and dementia.
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4
Q

Which of the following would be considered an example of transmitting an infection from person-to-person through shared fomites?

A
  • HIV from a contaminated IV drug user needle
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5
Q

Chlamydiaceae have characteristics of both viruses and bacteria and are a rather common sexually transmitted infectious organism. After entry into the host, they transfer infection via

A
  • A reticulate body
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6
Q

While explaining evasive factors by microbes to evade various components of the host’s immune system, the instructor uses which of the following examples?

A

H. Pylori being able to survive in an acidic environment.

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7
Q

In the usual course of a disease, after a pathogen has entered the host body, the stage when the host initially develops the appearance of nonspecific signs/symptoms is:

A

prodromal

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8
Q

While undergoing a kidney transplant from a non-family member. the recipient’s transplanted kidney has just had the arterial clamps removed. The OR staff notices that the organ is … family why they had to remove the donor kidney the nurse will anticipate that the surgeon would likely include which statement?

A

Hyper-acute rejection occurs because antibodies against donor s MIC antigens are deposited in vessels, causing necrosis.

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9
Q

A clinician is assessing the muscle tone of a patient who has been diagnosed with a lower motion neuron (LMN) lesion. Which of the following assessment findings is congruent with…

A

hypotonia

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10
Q

During physiology class, the instructor asks students to explain the pathology behind development of multiple sclerosis. Which student gave the most accurate description?

A

The demyelination and subsequent degradation of nerve fibers and decreased
oligodendrocytes, which interfere with nerve conduction.

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11
Q

Complement activation results in all of the following except

A

Activating the clotting (coagulation) cascade

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12
Q

A patient presents to a health clinic complaint of several vague symptoms. As the history/physical continues, the healthcare provider clearly thinks the patient may have myasthenia with this diagnosis?

A

all of the above

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13
Q

The physician is administering a rabies vaccine to a patient who was bitten by a wild squirrel. The nurse explains the mechanism of action of the medication to this patient. Which type of immunity does the nurse say the vaccine gives?

A

Artificially induced passive immunity

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14
Q

A middle school student is scheduled to receive booster immunizations and the father asks the physician …

A

A secondary humoral response causes a sharp rise in antibody levels conferring
protection

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15
Q

Which statement is true concerning T2H cells?

A
  • They are stimulated by antigens derived from allergens.
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16
Q

Your friend Mona has a 4-year-old sister named Tyra. She tells you…

A

Helping to bind the neutrophils to the T cells.

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17
Q

. In contrast to acute inflammation, chronic inflammation is characterized by which of the following phenomenon

A

Lymphocytosis and activated macrophages.

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18
Q

A student states, “it seems like helper T cells do a lot more than just ‘help’ the cellular immunity process”

A

Help T cells are central to the regulation, proliferation, and stimulation of the innate
and adaptive immune defense systems.

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19
Q

Clinical manifestations of cerebellar disorders include all of the following, except

A

paralysis

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20
Q

After a cerebral vascular accident, a man is unable to either feel or identify a comb with his eyes closed. This is an example of__

A

agnosia

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21
Q

A nurse is changing the wound dressing of a patient and notices the wound has developed a thick, sticky mesh work fluid on the superficial layer…

A

Fibrinous exudate

22
Q

The acute phase response that occurs with inflammation is stimulated by

A

IL-1 and TNF-alpha

23
Q

A one day old infant was exposed to an infectious microorganism prior to discharge home from the hospital. I was able to affect a sufficient immune response…

A

IgG

24
Q

A patient cuts herself with a sharp knife while cooking them. The patient describes how the wound started bleeding and had a red appearance almost immediately…

A

Vasodilate, causing the area to become congested causing the red color and warmth

25
Q

Which phenomenon best accounts for the increased presence of leukocytes at the side of inflammation?

A

Leukocytes buying to selections on the endothelial cells and roll along the blood vessel wall

26
Q

the process of phagocytosis involves all the following, except?

A

Secretion of cytotoxins

27
Q

A boy has a history of recurring serious, encapsulated bacterial infections. A blood sample shows lymphocyte levels are a little below normal…

A
  • Bruton agammaglobulinemia
28
Q

While caring for a pediatric patient admitted with a viral infection, the pediatrician knows that which type of cell will be the child’s primary defense against the virus.

A

Natural killer cells

29
Q

When caring for a patient during the proliferative phase of wound healing, the nurse teaches the patient that which of the following processes is taking place?

A

Fibroblasts secrete, collagen for wound healing

30
Q

Leukocytes consist of three categories of cells that have different roles and the inflammatory immune response which of the following glucose sites is correctly matched with its role

A

Eosinophils - allergic reactions

31
Q

Which of the following wound is most likely to heal by secondary intention?

A

A patient’s large abrasion related surface wound that he got by falling on his motorcycle

32
Q

A patient has a splinter. The physician expects a granulomatous inflammatory response. What does this involve?

A

Connective tissue encapsulating and isolating a mass of lymphocytes surrounding
epithelioid cells and the splinter

33
Q

Contact with poison ivy has resulted in intense Proteus, arrhythmia and weeping on a patient’s forearm. Which of the following processes resulted in the patient science and symptoms?

A

Cytokine released by sensitized helper T cells

34
Q

What is the mechanism that results in type two hypersensitivity reactions?

A

Antibodies bind to antigens on the cell surface

35
Q

While working in the newborn nursery, physician is assessing a new admission. The physician knows that the infant has an increased distance between his eyes…

A

Tetany due to hypocalcemia

36
Q

An eight week old boy has recently diagnosed with severe combined, immuno deficiency disorder. His patients have performed research on the Internet and have brought…

A

Our son can’t produce antibodies because of inadequate T cell help

37
Q

In a type three hypersensitivity reaction the harmful effects after the immune complexes are deposited in tissues are a result of?

A

Complement activation

38
Q

Tremors at rest, rigidity, akinesia, and postural abnormalities are result of the atrophy of neurons in the brain’s

A

Substantial nigra that produce dopamine

39
Q

Following his annual influenza vaccination, a patient begins to feel achy like he has developed the flu. An hour later the client is rushed to the emergency department…

A

all of the above

40
Q

What are the initial clinical manifestations immediately noted after a complete spinal cord injury?

A

all of the above

41
Q

All of the following statements regarding amyotrophic lateral sclerosis are true, except?

A

Cognitive function is impaired

42
Q

Which cerebral vascular hemorrhage causes, meningeal irritation, photophobia, and positive Kernig and Brudzinski signs?

A
  • Subarachnoid
43
Q

A family brings their elderly mom to the emergency department. The patient had a short period of time where she was confused, had slurred speech, and appeared to…

A

Artherosclerotic lesions and cerebral vessels

44
Q

A patient recently diagnosed with leukocyte adhesion deficiency ask, why am I always sick with an infection…

A

Your white blood cells are not able to leave the blood vessels and move into the area
of infection

45
Q

The bacteria that causes tuberculosis can it be expelled from the lungs by a cough, and remain visible in the air for an hour or more if a person inhaled the bacteria…

A

Airborne

46
Q

High school senior sustained a concussion during a football game. Which of the following signs and symptoms would be present in the days following his injury?

A

Headaches and post-concussion amnesia

47
Q

The MRA, scan of a patient was suspected stroke. Reports ruptured bury a new aneurysm, the physician care for a patient…

A

Subarachnoid hemorrhage

48
Q

Which person is at the risk for developing delirium?

A

An individual on the second day after hip replacement

49
Q

Nine month old infant has been diagnosed with botulism. After he was fed honey the child’s mother was prompted to seek care because of his child’s sudden onset of neuromuscular… -

A

?????

50
Q

Which statement concerning exotoxins is true?

A

Exotoxins are released during bacterial growth

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY (7 decks)

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