EXAM 2

Question 1

Correct pairing between cell and protein includes which of the following?

Answer 1

cytotoxic T cell CD8 and MHC 1

helper t Cell CD4 and MHC 2

Question 2

Which of the following virulence factors directly triggers an inflammatory response of fever and shock?

Answer 2

Lipid portion of lipopolysaccharides of cell wall

Question 3

Which of the following is an accurate characteristic of prions?

Answer 3

• The primary manifestation includes ataxia and dementia.

Question 4

Which of the following would be considered an example of transmitting an infection from person-to-person through shared fomites?

Answer 4

• HIV from a contaminated IV drug user needle

Question 5

Chlamydiaceae have characteristics of both viruses and bacteria and are a rather common sexually transmitted infectious organism. After entry into the host, they transfer infection via

Answer 5

• A reticulate body

Question 6

While explaining evasive factors by microbes to evade various components of the host’s immune system, the instructor uses which of the following examples?

Answer 6

H. Pylori being able to survive in an acidic environment.

Question 7

In the usual course of a disease, after a pathogen has entered the host body, the stage when the host initially develops the appearance of nonspecific signs/symptoms is:

Answer 7

prodromal

Question 8

While undergoing a kidney transplant from a non-family member. the recipient’s transplanted kidney has just had the arterial clamps removed. The OR staff notices that the organ is … family why they had to remove the donor kidney the nurse will anticipate that the surgeon would likely include which statement?

Answer 8

Hyper-acute rejection occurs because antibodies against donor s MIC antigens are deposited in vessels, causing necrosis.

Question 9

A clinician is assessing the muscle tone of a patient who has been diagnosed with a lower motion neuron (LMN) lesion. Which of the following assessment findings is congruent with…

Answer 9

hypotonia

Question 10

During physiology class, the instructor asks students to explain the pathology behind development of multiple sclerosis. Which student gave the most accurate description?

Answer 10

The demyelination and subsequent degradation of nerve fibers and decreased
oligodendrocytes, which interfere with nerve conduction.

Question 11

Complement activation results in all of the following except

Answer 11

Activating the clotting (coagulation) cascade

Question 12

A patient presents to a health clinic complaint of several vague symptoms. As the history/physical continues, the healthcare provider clearly thinks the patient may have myasthenia with this diagnosis?

Answer 12

all of the above

Question 13

The physician is administering a rabies vaccine to a patient who was bitten by a wild squirrel. The nurse explains the mechanism of action of the medication to this patient. Which type of immunity does the nurse say the vaccine gives?

Answer 13

Artificially induced passive immunity

Question 14

A middle school student is scheduled to receive booster immunizations and the father asks the physician …

Answer 14

A secondary humoral response causes a sharp rise in antibody levels conferring
protection

Question 15

Which statement is true concerning T2H cells?

Answer 15

• They are stimulated by antigens derived from allergens.

Question 16

Your friend Mona has a 4-year-old sister named Tyra. She tells you…

Answer 16

Helping to bind the neutrophils to the T cells.

Question 17

. In contrast to acute inflammation, chronic inflammation is characterized by which of the following phenomenon

Answer 17

Lymphocytosis and activated macrophages.

Question 18

A student states, “it seems like helper T cells do a lot more than just ‘help’ the cellular immunity process”

Answer 18

Help T cells are central to the regulation, proliferation, and stimulation of the innate
and adaptive immune defense systems.

Question 19

Clinical manifestations of cerebellar disorders include all of the following, except

Answer 19

paralysis

Question 20

After a cerebral vascular accident, a man is unable to either feel or identify a comb with his eyes closed. This is an example of__

Answer 20

agnosia

Question 21

A nurse is changing the wound dressing of a patient and notices the wound has developed a thick, sticky mesh work fluid on the superficial layer…

Answer 21

Fibrinous exudate

Question 22

The acute phase response that occurs with inflammation is stimulated by

Answer 22

IL-1 and TNF-alpha

Question 23

A one day old infant was exposed to an infectious microorganism prior to discharge home from the hospital. I was able to affect a sufficient immune response…

Answer 23

IgG

Question 24

A patient cuts herself with a sharp knife while cooking them. The patient describes how the wound started bleeding and had a red appearance almost immediately…

Answer 24

Vasodilate, causing the area to become congested causing the red color and warmth

Question 25

Which phenomenon best accounts for the increased presence of leukocytes at the side of inflammation?

Answer 25

Leukocytes buying to selections on the endothelial cells and roll along the blood vessel wall

Question 26

the process of phagocytosis involves all the following, except?

Answer 26

Secretion of cytotoxins

Question 27

A boy has a history of recurring serious, encapsulated bacterial infections. A blood sample shows lymphocyte levels are a little below normal...

Answer 27

- Bruton agammaglobulinemia

Question 28

While caring for a pediatric patient admitted with a viral infection, the pediatrician knows that which type of cell will be the child’s primary defense against the virus.

Answer 28

Natural killer cells

Question 29

When caring for a patient during the proliferative phase of wound healing, the nurse teaches the patient that which of the following processes is taking place?

Answer 29

Fibroblasts secrete, collagen for wound healing

Question 30

Leukocytes consist of three categories of cells that have different roles and the inflammatory immune response which of the following glucose sites is correctly matched with its role

Answer 30

Eosinophils - allergic reactions

Question 31

Which of the following wound is most likely to heal by secondary intention?

Answer 31

A patient's large abrasion related surface wound that he got by falling on his motorcycle

Question 32

A patient has a splinter. The physician expects a granulomatous inflammatory response. What does this involve?

Answer 32

Connective tissue encapsulating and isolating a mass of lymphocytes surrounding epithelioid cells and the splinter

Question 33

Contact with poison ivy has resulted in intense Proteus, arrhythmia and weeping on a patient’s forearm. Which of the following processes resulted in the patient science and symptoms?

Answer 33

Cytokine released by sensitized helper T cells

Question 34

What is the mechanism that results in type two hypersensitivity reactions?

Answer 34

Antibodies bind to antigens on the cell surface

Question 35

While working in the newborn nursery, physician is assessing a new admission. The physician knows that the infant has an increased distance between his eyes...

Answer 35

Tetany due to hypocalcemia

Question 36

An eight week old boy has recently diagnosed with severe combined, immuno deficiency disorder. His patients have performed research on the Internet and have brought...

Answer 36

Our son can't produce antibodies because of inadequate T cell help

Question 37

In a type three hypersensitivity reaction the harmful effects after the immune complexes are deposited in tissues are a result of?

Answer 37

Complement activation

Question 38

Tremors at rest, rigidity, akinesia, and postural abnormalities are result of the atrophy of neurons in the brain’s

Answer 38

Substantial nigra that produce dopamine

Question 39

Following his annual influenza vaccination, a patient begins to feel achy like he has developed the flu. An hour later the client is rushed to the emergency department...

Answer 39

all of the above

Question 40

What are the initial clinical manifestations immediately noted after a complete spinal cord injury?

Answer 40

all of the above

Question 41

All of the following statements regarding amyotrophic lateral sclerosis are true, except?

Answer 41

Cognitive function is impaired

Question 42

Which cerebral vascular hemorrhage causes, meningeal irritation, photophobia, and positive Kernig and Brudzinski signs?

Answer 42

- Subarachnoid

Question 43

A family brings their elderly mom to the emergency department. The patient had a short period of time where she was confused, had slurred speech, and appeared to...

Answer 43

Artherosclerotic lesions and cerebral vessels

Question 44

A patient recently diagnosed with leukocyte adhesion deficiency ask, why am I always sick with an infection...

Answer 44

Your white blood cells are not able to leave the blood vessels and move into the area of infection

Question 45

The bacteria that causes tuberculosis can it be expelled from the lungs by a cough, and remain visible in the air for an hour or more if a person inhaled the bacteria...

Answer 45

Airborne

Question 46

High school senior sustained a concussion during a football game. Which of the following signs and symptoms would be present in the days following his injury?

Answer 46

Headaches and post-concussion amnesia

Question 47

The MRA, scan of a patient was suspected stroke. Reports ruptured bury a new aneurysm, the physician care for a patient...

Answer 47

Subarachnoid hemorrhage

Question 48

Which person is at the risk for developing delirium?

Answer 48

An individual on the second day after hip replacement

Question 49

Nine month old infant has been diagnosed with botulism. After he was fed honey the child’s mother was prompted to seek care because of his child’s sudden onset of neuromuscular... -

Answer 49

?????

Question 50

Which statement concerning exotoxins is true?

Answer 50

Exotoxins are released during bacterial growth