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NSG > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

born between 38-42 weeks

A

Full term infant

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2
Q

Less than 38 weeks

A

premature infant

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3
Q

more than 42 weeks

A

Post mature infant

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4
Q

babies are full term less than 5 pounds 8 ounces

A

small for gestational age

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5
Q

Babies more than 10 pounds may be preterm or full term

A

Large for gestational age

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6
Q

traumatic labor and delivery, interruptions in blood supply and nutrients, infections

A

Stillbirths

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7
Q

checks baby’s heart rate, muscle tone to check for medical care.

A

Apgar score

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8
Q

Head is larger than body
random movements
Large eyes, small nose and chin

A

general appearance

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9
Q

spread out their arm, pull arms in and cry. Startled by loud noise

A

Moro(startle)

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10
Q

head is turned to the same side of their outstretched arm and their other arm in bent. to protect their heads

A

Tonic head

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11
Q

when object is placed in palm fingers wrap around the object

A

palmar (grasp)

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12
Q

hold the infant up with their feet on surface and they will act like they are walking

A

stepping

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13
Q

stroke the bottom of the foot and toes will fan out

A

Babinski

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14
Q

types of malnutrition

A

-insufficient quantity of food
-Inadequate nutritional quality of food

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15
Q

vision senses

A

-visions not developed at birth
-3-4 months can use motion, shape, spatial positioning
-color come around 6 month
-can imitate facial expression of others

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16
Q

hearing senses

A

-Hearing
startled by loud sounds
-Hearing get better when fluid all leaves the ear

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16
Q

Taste, smell, touch

A

-can distinguish
between sweet, salty,
sour and bitter tastes
- React negatively to strong
odors
-As early as 4 days can
identify their mothers
smell
-Sense of touch is
developed preterm

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16
Q

basic unit of meaning

A

Morpheme

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16
Q

basic unit of language

A

Phonemes

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17
Q

how meaning is assigned to morphemes

A

semantics

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18
Q

how words are combined into meaningful sentences

A

syntax

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19
Q

the rules of combining language

A

grammar

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20
Q

Motor skills
(5 to 8)

A

Gross motor
-use of large muscles or whole body
-crawling and walking
-social games
Fine motor
-use of hand and finger
-requires coordination and dexterity
-reaching, grasping, mouthing

21
Q

Plasticity

A

the degree to which the brain can be modified through experience

22
Q

sudden infant death syndrome(SIDS)

A

sudden death of a baby younger than 1 year of age that doesn’t have a known cause

23
Q

Shaken baby syndrome

A

brain injury caused by shaking infant
-brain swells, bruises, bleeds

24
Q

Temperament

A

Easy- positive mood, regular routines, adapts to new people/situation
Difficult- cries often, negative mood, irregular routine, difficulties with changes and new situations
Slow to warm up-positive and negative moods, moderately reg. routine, slow to adjust to people
not categorized- they display a combination of all the temperament

25
Q

Secure attachment

A

-engages with other when mother is around
-negative emotions when she leaves
- when she returns child greets mom

26
Q

avoidant attachment

A

-does not show emotions to mother or stranger
-does not seek mother out when she return
-acts same with stranger and mother
-focuses on the environment

27
Q

Anxious/Resistant

A

-child irritated when stranger enters
-child to stressed when mother leaves
-when mother returns the child is upset moves away from her

28
Q

disorganized/disoriented

A

-Child is distressed when mom leaves and may sense a relief when she returns
-child may show anger and not let mother comfort
-mother who experience trauma right before birth or depression had children with this attachment style

29
Q

Toilet training

A

to early or too strict could produce anal fixation which will interfere with development moving forward

30
Q

Anal-retentive individuals

A

this group may have experienced overly strict and harsh potty training as children and may grow to be obsessed with orderliness and tidiness

31
Q

Anal-expulsive individuals

A

this group experience very lax potty training resulting in them being very messy and disorganized as adults

32
Q

Discipline

A

infant/toddle
-remove and distract
-be consistent
-be gentle but firm
-role model
preschooler
-consistent
-follow through
-role modeling
-immediate feedback
-logical outcomes
-self disclosure or ownership of the behavior
-appropriate time out

33
Q

Development of play(pre-school)

A

-2 years old ;solitary play
-3-4 years; onlookers, parallel play
-4-6 years; associative play, cooperative play
-5-7 years; cooperative play

34
Q

types of aggression

A

Hostile-behavior intended to hurt someone
Instrumental- not intended to hurt someone but still does
assertiveness- standing up for one’s rights

35
Q

Lateralization

A

the tendency for some neural functions or cognitive processes to be specialized to one side of the brain or the other

36
Q

Intellectual disability(IQ)

A

mild- 55 to 70
moderate -40 to 55
severe -25 to 40
profound- below 25

37
Q

Habitual response (pre-schools)

A

-eating
-sleeping
-elimination
-unique habits

38
Q

Negative effects on brain development( pre-school)

A

-poor nutrition
lack of stimulation
injury
metabolic or other medical problems
toxins

39
Q

language development (pre-school)

A

-full conversation
-self talk and monologues
-express words and concepts

40
Q

cognitive domain( pre-school)

A

Information processors
Memory
-recognition
-recall
build on experiences and events

41
Q

Theorist (pre-schools)

A

-Freud: Phallic stage
-Erikson: initiative VS guilt
-Piaget: preoperational
-Vygotsky:
Scaffolding – learning to achieve independence
– Zone of Proximal Development – what you can do with and
without help
– Private speech – helps to regulate behavior

42
Q

habitual response(middle school)

A

-diet
obesity
body image concerns
-sleep
night terrors and nightmares
-elimination
encopresis- passing small amount of stool
enuresis-bedwetting.

43
Q

cognitive development(middle school)

A

Thinking more logic
reversible
flexible
complex

44
Q

Piaget and learning

A

Piaget believed children are better off when they learn at their own pace and that learning is best when it is intrinsically motivated rather than extrinsically rewarded

45
Q

Learning (middle school)
six Rs

A

Remembering
Repeating
Reasoning
Reorganizing
Relating
Reflecting

46
Q

Gender differences(middle school)

A

Girls perform better in verbal skills
Guys perform better in quantitative and spatial tasks

47
Q

IDEA

A

mandates the right of all children to a free and
appropriate education.

48
Q

ADHD

A

-Inattention
has a hard time focusing losses stuff
-Hyperactivity
restless, talks a lot, multi tasking
-Impulsivity
difficulty thinking before acting, interrupts others

49
Q

AUTISM

A

-Social interaction
no response,no smiling, can’t make friends
poor eye contact
-Communication
no pointing, no single word
repetitive use of language
-Behavior
non-functional play, lining up toys
restrictive patterns of interest
repetitive motions

50
Q

Personality development(middle school)

A

-Self concept
attribute specific traits, compare themselves
make friend outside of family

51
Q

Theorist (middle-school)

A

-Erikson: industry vs inferiority

52
Q

Kohlberg: moral dilemmas

A

Preconventional – obey rules
to avoid punishment
Conventional – conform for
approval
Postconventional – based on
moral principle

NSG (7 decks)

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